THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


J.  it  manic    ^/iort/iand 


wT/f  Umpnouefl.  ^Shorthand.  ^Jext-Sfoo/f,    contai/n'nr/ 

the   mqst  rapid,    most  legible  and  most  ap= 

proved  .JPitmoinic    ^Principles    to    he 

found  ftnyivhere,  regar 

&f  t/te  system  to  iv/iic/i 

they    belong 


fff  use  In 

(Zotleges,   -^cademies,    ^Public  ScJioois, 

and  everywhere  else  that  Shorthand  is   taught 


also 
^rojr    Lcse   as   at   ^e/f- Instructor 

all  persons  who  wish  to  learn  Shorthand  without 
Attending   school 


by 

O. 


,/i-nf/i    thousand 

and  Enlarged 


THE  M99ERN  TEXT-tQOK  C9. 

34LT1M0RE,  M». 


Copyright   1890,    1896,    1904, 

By 
S.  IRVING  STRAYER. 


PRESS  OF  STONEBRAKER  BROS.,  CO.,  BALTO.,  MD. 


PREFACE. 


A  casual  glance  at  Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand,  will  enable 
you  to  see  that  it  is  very  different  from  other  shorthand  text- 
books, and  a  careful  examination  of  it,  we  believe,  will  interest 
you  in  it. 

What  is  claimed  for  Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand,  is  original- 
ity in  the  method  of  arranging,  illustrating,  and  presenting  the 
phonographic  principles  known  as  Pitmanic  Shorthand. 

Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand  contains  all  of  the  best  prin- 
ciples from  the  Pitmanic  systems,  together  with  a  few  good  ideas 
not  found  in  any  other  publication.  The  fact  that  the  system  is 
not  new  but  is  simply  a  combination  of  the  best  principles  of  the 
standard  systems,  gives  complete  assurance  that  the  system 
possesses  all  the  possibilities  of  speed  and  legibility  possessed  by 
those  systems,  which  are  used  by  probably  ninety  per  cent,  of 
the  expert  stenographers  of  the  United  States. 

There  is  no  other  way  to  teach  so  quickly,  so  thoroughly,  so 
successfully,  as  by  illustrating.  Seeing  and  understanding,  is 
knowing.  Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand  illustrates  more  fully 
than  any  other  shorthand  text-book  . 

With  most  shorthand  text  -books,  the  student,  after  reading  a 
rule,  must  form  mental  pictures  of  what  most  of  the  letters  of  the 
alphabet  would  look  like,  with  the  addition  referred  to  in  the  rule, 
but  with  Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand,  after  he  reads  the  rule,  he 
can  see  just  what  each  letter  of  the  alphabet  looks  like  with  the 
addition,  and  seeing  the  forms  or  outlines,  he  knows  them  with  a 
certainty  such  as  never  follows  vague  mental  pictures. 

In  most  shorthand  text-books,  there  are  exercises  contain- 
ing hundreds  of  words  which  stenographers  never  have  occasion 
to  write,  and  considerable  time  is  usually  spent  in  learning  and 
practicing  them;  but  in  Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand,  the  exer- 
cises are  all  made  up  of  words  in  common  use,  and  consequently, 
while  the  student  is  learning  the  principles  of  shorthand,  he  is  at 
the  same  time  becoming  well  acquainted  with  the  correct  out- 
lines for  the  words  he  will  use  most,  and  will  accordingly  acquire 
a  high  rate  of  speed  in  writing  shorthand  and  be  able  to  read  his 
shorthand  notes  readily,  much  sooner  than  he  could  by  any 
other  method. 


The  so  called  "Corresponding  Style,"  which  is  taught  first  in 
most  shorthand  text-books,  only  to  be  dropped  for  the  "Report- 
ing Style"  after  the  student  has  spent  from  one  to  three  months 
in  learning  it,  is  omitted  entirely  from  this  book.  In  Modern 
Pitmanic  Shorthand,  the  "Reporting  Style"  is  taught  from  the 
first  lesson.  The  student  learns  everything  the  shortest  and  best 
way  the  first  time  he  learns  it,  and  never  has  occasion  to  change 
his  method  of  writing  any  word. 

Persons  using  Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand  will  not  find  it 
necessary,  as  those  using  other  text-books  usually  do,  to  pur- 
chase two  or  three  additional  books  and  a  shorthand  dictionary 
in  order  to  prepare  for  reporting  or  any  other  high  grade  work. 
This  one  book  contains  all  of  the  shorthand  principles  that  it  is 
necessary  to  learn  in  order  to  become  an  expert  stenographer. 

The  "Experts'  Methods"  which  are  a  prominent  feature  of 
Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand,  are  the  short-cut  methods  used  by 
the  most  expert  stenographers  in  the  world.  These  Experts' 
Methods  alone  will  be  worth  many  times  the  retail  price  of  this 
book  to  writers  of  any  of  the  Pitmanic  systems.  You  can  get  an 
idea  of  what  experts  think  of  Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand  by 
reading  the  letters  from  some  of  them  which  we  present  on  the 
last  three  pages  of  this  book. 

All  that  is  asked  for  Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand  is  that 
teachers  will  examine  it  thoroughly,  compare  it  with  other  short- 
hand text -books,  and  then  induce  the  proprietors  or  directors  of 
the  schools  in  which  they  teach,  to  adopt  the  text-book  which 
they  believe  will  enable  students  to  become  expert  stenographers 
in  the  shortest  time. 

The  author  takes  this  opportunity  to  again  acknowledge  his 
indebtedness  to  former  shorthand  authors,  without  whose  work 
his  own  would  have  been  impossible;  and  to  thank  his  large 
number  of  stenographic  friends  for  their  many  valuable  suggest- 
ions concerning  the  good  points  from  various  systems,  which 
should  appear  in  a  work  of  this  kind;  and  would  add  that  he 
already  feels  repaid  for  the  time  and  labor  expended  in  its  prep- 
aration, by  the  knowledge  that  it  will  make  the  learning  of 
shorthand  an  easy  and  pleasant  task  to  the  large  number  of  stu- 
dents who  may  be  fortunate  enough  to  have  Modern  Pitmanic 
Shorthand  placed  in  their  hands. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


LESS0N  I.— THE  ALPHABET.. 

1.  Alphabet.     The  entire  Shorthand  Alphabet  appears  in  this 

lesson.  In  front  of  each  Shorthand  letter  is  a  word  telling 
the  direction  in  which  it  should  be  written  and  after  each 
letter  is  its  name.  Every  letter  in  the  Alphabet  should 
be  learned  so  thoroughly  that  it  can  be  read  at  sight  and 
can  be  written  from  dictation  without  the  slightest  hesi- 
tation. One  or  more  of  these  letters  will  occur  in  every 
word  you  will  ever  write  in  Shorthand  and  how  can  you 
expect  ever  to  be  able  to  write  rapidly,  or  to  read  what 
you  write,  if  you  do  not  know  the  Alphabet  thoroughly? 
A  hint  to  the  wise  is  sufficient. 

2.  Size.     The  letters  of  the  Alphabet,  and  all  other  Shorthand 

characters,  should  be  made  as  nearly  as  possible  just  the 
size  they  appear  in  this  text-book.  Note  particularly, 
that  the  little  letters  are  only  one  fifth  as  long  as  the  large 
letters,  which  is  just  about  as  short  as  they  can  easily  be 
made  and  yet  the  direction  or  curve  show  distinctly  in 
each  letter. 

3.  Names.     For  convenience  call  ch,  cha ;-  g,  ga ;-  rm,  rem  ;- 

mp  or  mb,  emp ;-  ng,  ing ;-  sh,  ish ;-  and  pronounce  oi, 
oo,  ow,  aw,  and  ah  each  as  a  syllable.  All  other  letters 
are  pronounced  just  as  in  the  English  Alphabet. 

4.  Upward.     Commit  to  memory  that  r,  rm,  1,  and  sh,  of  the 

large  letters,  and  u,  ah,  y,  and  w,  of  the  small  letters, 
are  written  upward.  That  is  the  general  rule,  but  1  and 
sh  may  be  written  downward  after  other  letters  whenever 
that  is  easier,  and  u  and  w  may  be  written  either  up  or 
down  when  joined  to  other  letters. 

5.  Practice.     The  best  way  to  learn  the  lessons  is  to  understand 

the  printed  instruction  thoroughly,  and  then  to  form  each 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


character  correctly  and  rapidly  several  times  in  succes- 
sion. It  is  a  good  plan  to  fill  an  entire  line  in  your  note- 
book with  each  outline,  pronouncing  the  character  aloud 
or  thinking  of  its  pronunciation  each  time  you  write  it. 
When  you  have  finished  a  lesson  once  that  way,  start  at 
the  beginning  and  go  over  it  again  in  just  the  same  way. 
Repeat  that  operation  until  you  can  write  every  character 
in  the  lesson  accurately  and  quickly  and  can  read  every 
character  in  the  lesson  without  the  slightest  hesitation.  The 
pencil  should  be  held  between  the  first  and  second  fin- 
gers in  writing  Shorthand.  The  directions  just  given 
as  to  the  best  way  to  learn  lessons,  apply  to  all  of  the 
lessons  in  the  book. 


6.  Lesson  I.  In  learning  this  lesson  it  is  best  to  practice  the 
letters  in  pairs.  First  fill  a  line  in  your  note-book  with  p 
and  b,  writing  one  after  the  other  until  the  line  is  full.  Then 
fill  a  line  with  t  and  d  in  the  same  way,  and  so  on.  We 
have  found  that  the  Alphabet  can  be  learned  easiest  and 
quickest  by  studying  it  in  sections,  instead  of  trying  to 
learn  it  all  at  once.  First  learn  the  ten  straight  letters 
from  p  to  rm.  Do  not  study  any  other  letters  until  you 
know  those  thoroughly.  Then  learn  the  six  curved  letters 
from  m  to  s.  After  that  the  four  curved  letters  f,  v,  1, 
sh.  Then  x,  tw,  c,  and  kw.  After  that  the  ten  little 
straight  letters,  i  to  ah.  Then  wh,  h,  y,  w,  and  z.  Do  not 
leave  any  one  of  those  sections  until  it  has  been  fully 
mastered,  and  after  mastering  each  section  review  all 
previous  sections  before  proceeding  to  the  next  section. 
When  the  Alphabet  has  been  learned,  the  practice  in 
joining  letters,  on  pages  ten  and  eleven,  will  be  almost  like 
play.  Practice  those  pages  first  by  following  the  hori- 
zontal lines,  then  by  following  the  perpendicular  columns. 
Each  time  fill  a  whole  line  in  your  note-book  with  each 
outline.  This  drill,  if  practiced  faithfully,  will  fix  the 
Alphabet  in  your  mind,  will  show  you  just  how  the  letters 
should  be  joined,  and  will  help  you  wonderfully  in  all 
of  your  future  lessons.  Do  not  slight  it. 


MODERNfPITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


Written. 
Down. 

Letter. 

Name.                             Written. 
Down. 

Letter. 

Name. 

i. 

\ 

\ 

Down. 

\ 

b.                                   Down. 

v 

oi. 

Down  . 

t.                                   Down. 

. 

a. 

Down. 

i 

d.                                   Down. 

, 

oo. 

Down  . 

/ 

ch.                                 Down. 

' 

e. 

Down. 

/ 

j                                     Down. 

• 

ow. 

Forward. 

— 

,                                     Forward. 

- 

o. 

Forward. 

— 

g                                    Forward. 

- 

aw. 

Up. 

/ 

r.                                    Up. 

- 

u. 

Up. 

X 

rm.                                  Up. 

- 

ah. 

Forward. 

^ 

m. 

Forward. 
Forward. 

x-S 

Jmp. 
1  mb. 

n. 

Forward. 

W 

ng- 

Down. 

( 

th. 

Down. 

) 

s. 

Down  . 

V_ 

£                                    Down. 

V. 

wh. 

Down. 

S 

Down. 

> 

h. 

Up. 

r 

1-                                    Up. 

r 

y- 

Up. 

J 

sh.                                 Up. 

J 

w. 

Forward. 

r\ 

X. 

Forward. 

u 

tw 
dw. 

Down. 

c 

c. 

Down. 

a 

{gw 

0 

z. 

MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


p  t  ch  k  r  m  n 


r\ 

.A 


n 


s 


7 


L 


L 


u 

A 


k 


L 


L 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


th 


sh 


1 

1 

1 

n 


s 


n 


L 


V 


A- 


r 


/- 

r 


v 
y 
y 


j 


y 


io  M«»ERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 

WRITING  EXERCISE. 

1.  bl.  6.  t   ch.  11.  w    v.  16.  o    d.  21.  rm  d. 

2.  r  ch.  7.  k  th.  12.  k   t.  17.  a    sh.  22.  r    p. 

3.  k  k.  8.  f  f.  13.  p   mp.  18.  k   mp.  23.  j    rm. 

4.  1  th.  9.  twng.  14.  kw  v.  19.  th  ch.  24.  1    1. 

5.  j  k.  10.  wd.  15.  h   r.  20.  m  t.  25.  f     sh. 

QUESTIONS. 

Which  letters  are  written  upward?     Which  downward? 

When  may  1  and  sh  be  written  downward?     U  and  w? 

Which  of  the  large  letters  are  light  lines?  Which  shaded 
lines  ? 

Which  of  the  small  letters  are  light  lines?  Which  shaded 
lines? 

Which  large  letter  does  each  small  letter  resemble  ? 

Can  you  read  every  combination  of  letters  found  on  the  two 
preceding  pages  without  the  slightest  hesitation? 

Can  you  write  every  letter  of  the  alphabet,  when  pronounced 
out  of  regular  order,  without  the  slightest  hesitation? 

SUGGESTIONS. 

Make  all  of  the  letters  which  are  not  shaded  as  light  as 
possible,  and  all  of  the  shaded  letters  dark  enough  so  that  any 
one  seeing  them  will  know  positively  that  they  are  shaded. 
Learn  to  make  the  small  letters  so  small,  that  by  actual  measure- 
ment they  will  not  be  a  bit  larger  than  the  characters  given  in 
the  alphabet  of  the  book. 

Make  th  and  f,  and  s  and  v,  different  from  each  other. 

Make  the  large  letters  of  uniform  length  and  not  too  long. 

In  learning  shorthand,  do  not  allow  yourself  to  become 
discouraged.  Scarcely  anything  that  is  worth  having,  can  be 
gotten  without  labor,  and  ability  to  do  shorthand  work  is  no 
exception  to  the  rule,  but  by  following  the  plan  laid  down  in  this 
book  you  will  avoid  some  of  the  difficult  places,  find  others  made 
easy,  and  save  half  the  time  required  by  other  methods  to  become 
a  good  stenographer. 

Work  faithfully  according  to  directions,  and  success  is  sure. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  II.— POSITION  WRITING. 

7.  Positions.— The  first  position  is  above  the  line  (see  line  1, 

next  page).  The  second  position  is  touching  the  line 
(see  line  2).  The  third  position  is  crossing  the  line,  for  all 
letters  except  k,  g,  m,  n,  and  the  small  letters,  which  are 
written  under  the  line  for  third  position  (see  line  3). 

8.  Vowels. — The  first  place  vowels  are  e,  i,  oi.     The  second 

place  vowels  are  a,  o,  ah,  aw.  The  third  place  vowels  are 
u,  oo,  ow. 

9.  Positions  and  Vowels. — When  a  letter  is  written  in  the  first 

position,  either  of  the  first  place  vowels  may  be  read  after 
it  (see  line  1).  When  in  the  second  position,  either  of  the 
second  place  vowels  (see  line  2).  When  in  the  third 
position,  either  of  the  third  place  vowels  (see  line  3). 
When  a  word  begins  with  a  small  letter,  followed  by  a 
large  letter,  the  large  letter  is  placed  to  show  the  position 
(see  line  7),  but  when  two  large  letters  are  joined,  the  first 
letter  shows  the  position  and  it  does  not  matter  what 
position  the  other  letter  is  in. 

10.  Spelling. — Spell  all  words  just  as  they  sound. 

11.  When  a  word  begins  with  a  vowel,  that  vowel  is  frequently 

written  and  the  vowel  following  the  consonant  is  indicated 
by  the  position  (see  line  11),  but  sometimes  in  familiar 
words,  the  initial  vowel  is  omitted  or  indicated  by  the 
position  of  the  first  letter,  as  m  in  the  first  position  for  the 
syllable  im ;  n  in  the  first  position  for  in ;  or  b  in  the  second 
position  for  ob. 

12.  Only  one  vowel  of  a  word  is  ordinarily  indicated  and  usually 

that  is  the  vowel  following  the  first  consonant  (see  line  13). 

13.  Last  Syllables. — In  other  lessons  you  will  learn  shorter  ways 

to  add  many  of  the  consonants  when  they  follow  other 
consonants  and  for  that  reason,  from  now  on,  when  a  word 
consists  of  two  or  more  strokes  and  the  last  consonant  is 
written  as  you  learned  it  in  the  alphabet,  you  may  make 
it  form  a  syllable  if  you  can  by  reading  y  or  any  vowel 
after  it  when  you  spell  the  word  (see  line  13). 


12 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


v  _ 


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10 


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12 


13 


14 


15 


...- 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  13 

KEY. 

1.  Me,  by,  key,  see,  pick,  reach,  live,  sheep,  check,  fish. 

2.  May,  pay,  go,  say,  packing,  job,  laugh,  shop,  tame,  lath. 

3.  Now,  chew,  cow,  thou,  book,  chum,  room,  love,  mouth,  push. 

4.  Name,  home,  way,  touch,  keep,  shoe,  thy,  seeing,  view,  tug. 

5.  High,  cheap,  few,  move,  week,  they,  know,  going,  look,  quote. 

6.  My,  she,  shook,  how,  do,  hauling,  catch,  quick,  joy,  example. 

7.  Back,  law,  why,  wait,  cash,  new,  showing,  wedge,  rob,  cook. 

8.  Be,  rich,  wood,  sigh,  he,  fee,  cup,  walking,  wheat,  lock. 

9.  Wave, wing, heating, knew, dock, hack, heap, shave, faith, odd. 

10.  Ripe,  twitch,  hang, white,  damp, weave, tack,  line,  thick,  ream. 

11.  Ida,  echo,  oath,  item,  autumn,  atom,  egg,  ache,  ash,  oak. 

12.  Youth,  air,  error,  owing,  ear,  leap,  dish,  rage,  page,  empty. 

13.  Maxim,  baggage,  varying,  tumble,  window,  weekly,  weary, 

hickory,  temple,  indigo. 

14.  Valley,  daily,  cherry,  berry,  lily,  jury,  fury,  daisy,  rosy,  pity. 

15.  Putty,  below,  body,  narrow,  follow,  borrow,  factory,  higher, 

healthy,   hurry. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


WORD-SIGNS. 


\ 
\ 


1.  is,  his.     2.  as,    has. 
3.  was. 


1.  of.    2.   I,  the.    3.  to,  too. 


1.  or.     2.  a,     an.     3.  but. 


1.  ought.      2.  all,    already. 

3.  before,  should. 

2.  also. 


2.  always. 


1.  on,  owe.     2.  and,  hand. 
3.  beyond. 


1 .  you. 

1.  why.   2.  where.   3.  when. 

1.  here.    2.  who.    3.  whom. 


1.  year,  yet.     2.      yes. 
3.  young. 

1.  with.     2.  were,     one, 
away.     3.  would. 


1.  help      2.  hope.      3.  up. 


1.  being,  been.     2.  object, 
3.  to  be. 


1.   it,  time.      2.   what,  take. 
3.  at,  out,  took. 


I 

/ 
/ 


r 
j 


1.  dollar,  head.    2.  had. 
3.  to-day,  to  do. 


1.  each.  2.  which.  3.  much. 


1.  oblige.     2.  advantage. 
3.  large. 

1.   county,    company, 

2.  can,  came,  come. 

3.  common. 

1.  give  -n.        2.  ga\ 
3.  together. 

1.  your.     2.  are.       3.  our, 
hour.     4.  her. 


1.  many.    2.  am,  make. 
3.  him. 

1.  important  (ce).     2.    im- 
prove  -d   -ment. 
3.  move  -d  -ment. 

1.  in,   never.      2.  own. 
3.  any. 

1.  thing.     2.  language. 

3.  a  -long  -er. 

1.  if,  effect.  2.  for,  fact, 
favor.  3.  from,  half. 

4.  heretofore. 

1.  ever,  every.  2.  have. 
3.  however. 

1.  well..  2.  will.  3.  while, 
allow. 

1.  ship  -ed  -ment,  wish  -ed. 
2.  shall.  3.  usual  -ly, 
issue. 

1.  think.  2.  thank.  3.  them. 


Other  word-signs  on  pages  34,  42,  52,  53,  and  62. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  15 

BECOME  AN  EXPERT. 

14.  May  be. — The  shorthand  letter  mp  or  mb  is  used  for  the 
words  may  be  in  writing  shorthand  (see  the  first  four 
characters  in  line  3,  page  46). 

^15.  Word-signs. — Learn  the  word-signs  in  this  and  succeeding 
lessons  so  thoroughly  that  you  can  write  each  of  them  without 
hesitation  upon  hearing  the  word  and  can  read  them  at 
sight. 

16.  Exercises. — Practice  writing  both  the  Reading  and  Writing 
Exercises,  in  this  and  succeeding  lessons,  in  shorthand, 
until  you  can  write  them  rapidly  and  read  them  easily 
from  your  own  shorthand. 

READING    EXERCISE. 


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WRITING  EXERCISE. 

1.  It  is  important  for  you  to  be  here  on  time. 

2.  You  always  think  the  thing  to  do,  is  beyond  your  reach. 

3.  The  favor  will  oblige  me,   and  help  you,   and  be  to  our 

advantage. 

4.  If  what  you  wish  is  here,  you  may  have  it  and  may  take  all 

you  can  carry  away. 

5.  If  I  were  you,  I  would  see  where  they  came  from. 

QUESTIONS. 

What  are  the  third  place  vowels?     The  first  place?     The 
second  place? 

Where  is  each  of  the  positions? 

Words  beginning  with  a  vowel  are  written  in  what  position? 
When  may  y,  or  a  vowel,  be  supplied  at  the  end  of  a  word  ? 
How  are  words  spelled  in  shorthand  ? 


1 6  MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  III.— CIRCLES  AND  LOOPS. 

17.  S  Circle. — S  may  be  represented  at  the  beginning  or  end  of 

any  letter  by  a  small  circle  (see  columns  s-  and  -s,  next 
page). 

18.  Ses  Circle.- — Ses,  zez,  ces,  and  similar  sounds,  may  be  repre- 

sented at  the  beginning  or  end  of  any  letter  by  a  large 
circle  (see  columns  ses-  and  -ses). 

19.  St  Loop. — St  may  be  represented  at  the  beginning  or  end  of 

any  letter,  by  a  loop  about  one-half  the  length  of  the  letter 
(see  columns  st-  and  -st). 

20.  Str  Loop.— Str  may  be  represented  at  the  beginning  or  end 

of  any  letter  by  a  loop  about  three-fourths  the  length  of 
the  letter  (see  columns  str—  and  — str). 

21.  Side. — The  s  and  ses  circles,  and  the  st  and  str  loops  must 

be  formed  on  the  right  hand  side  of  p,  b,  t,  d,  ch,  and  j 
(see  line  p,  t,  ch) ;  on  the  upper  side  of  k,  g,  r,  rm  (see 
lines  k,  r) ;  and  on  the  inner  side  of  curved  letters  (see 
lines  m,  n,  th,  s,  f ,  v,  1,  sh) . 

22.  Exception. — When  the  s  circle  occurs  between  two  strokes, 

it  may  be  formed  on  the  wrong  side  when  more  con- 
venient; as  in  the  words  desk  and  despise  (see  line  15, 
page  18). 

23.  The  Stroke  s  is  used  when  s  is  the  first  consonant  of  a  word 

and  is  preceded  by  a  vowel,  and  when  s  is  the  only  con- 
sonant in  a  syllable  (see  line  12,  page  18). 

24.  Sd. — The  st  loop  is  sometimes  used  for  sd  (see  line  13). 

25.  A  Difference. — For  examples  illustrating  when  to  use  the 

st  loop  and  when  the  s  circle  and  stroke  t,  see  line  14. 

26.  Practice  the  exercise  in  joining  circles  and  loops  by  perpen- 

dicular columns,  then  by  horizontal  lines;  and  practice  it 
until  the  characters  can  be  written  fast,  and  formed  well 
at  the  same  time,  before  advancing  to  the  words  in  this 
lesson. 

V 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


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MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  19 

KEY. 

1.  Same,  past,  thus,  resides,  must,  cases,  sample,  ways,  risk, 

soon. 

2.  Notice,  sells,   cost,  distance,   size,   faster,   spoke,  sir,   save, 

lasting. 

3.  West,  besides,  noises,  seek,  just,  side,  gas,  wise,  master,  stove. 

4.  Passage,  twist,  stock,  this,  since,  mixed,  justice,  less,  reason, 

strong. 

5.  Succeed,  last,  system,  choice,  some,  decide,  invoice,  steam, 

sister,  most. 

6.  Testing,  rising,  missing,  stop,  stamps,  invest,  exist,  possessed, 

selling,  finest. 

7.  Packages,  still,  safe,  such,  business,  lease, eggs, enlist, suggest, 

south. 

8.  Strength,   justify,   cask,   sign,   does,   hasten,   cause,   cease, 

earliest,  said. 

9.  Resist,  success,  these,  loss,  struck,  industries,  excess,  soap, 

raise,  basin. 

10.  Source,  dies,  moist,  necessity,  insist,  string,  chooses,  testify, 

boys,  destiny. 

11.  Keys,  reams,  days,  costing,  passing,  strolling,  straps,  sausage, 

simply,  knows. 

12.  Ask,  assembly,  assume,  assist,  say,  dizzy,  see,  saying,  seeing, 

season. 

13.  Caused,  amazed,  raised,  refused,  amused,  discussed,  invoiced, 

missed,  noticed,  abused. 

14.  Dust,  dusty,  rust,  rusty,  mist,  misty,  best,  bestow,  paste, 

pasty. 

15.  Pastor,  pastry,  register,  registry,  disguise,  deceive,  desires, 

dismiss,  desk,  disposed. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


EXPERTS'  METHODS. 

27.  Phrasing. — In  writing  shorthand,  words  which  occur  fre- 

quently in  succession,  are  often  joined  together.  If  it  is 
necessary  to  take  either  of  the  words  out  of  its  proper 
position  in  order  to  join  them,  the  word  which  can  be  read 
easier  out  of  its  own  position  is  moved.  You  will  see 
illustrations  of  phrasing  in  the  Reading  Exercises  in  this 
and  succeeding  lessons,  and  should  practice  it  in  writing 
the  Writing  Exercises  when  the  words  are  joined  by 
hyphens. 

28.  Us. — The  s  circle,  when  joined  to  other  words,  is  frequently 

used  for  us.   Jj^   <      -f^J       .    MA^jfr    ^vW- 
READING  EXERCISE,  fa 

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WRITING  EXERCISE. 

1.  If -you  wish  to  purchase  silks,  this -is  the  store  at  which 

to  -do  your  shopping. 

2.  Lessons  missed  by  your  absence,  are  lessons  lost  by  -you. 

3.  You  -should  twist  the  straps  thus,  if  -you  wish  them  to 

stay  where  -you  have  them. 

4.  Some  -where  and  some  -how  things  will  -be  fixed  for  the 

best. 

5.  This  -is  the  -last  one  of  -this  list  on  -this  page. 

QUESTIONS. 

On  which  side  of  each  letter  should  the  circles  and  loops  be 
formed  ?  . 

What  is  the  exception?     When  is  the  stroke  s  used? 

When  are  circles  and  loops  formed  at  the  beginning  and 
when  at  the  end?  How  do  the  circles  and  loops  differ  from  each 
other? 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  21 


LESSON  IV.— INITIAL  HOOKS. 

29.  L  Hook. — L  following  any  letter  may  be  represented  by  a 
small  hook  at  the  beginning,  on  the  right  hand  side  of  p,  b, 
t,  d,  ch,  j ;  the  upper  side  of  k,  g,  r,  rm,  and  the  inner  side 
of  curved  letters  (see  column  -1,  page  23.) 


30.  Rel  Hook. — Rel  following  any  letter  may  be  represented  by 
a  large  hook  at  the  beginning,  on  the  right  hand  side  of  p, 
b,  t,  d,  ch,  j ;  the  upper  side  of  k,  g,  r,  rm,  and  the  inner 
side  of  curved  letters  (see  column  -rel) . 


31.  R  Hook. — R  following  p,  b,  t,  d,  ch,  j,  or  k,  g,  r,  rm,  may  be 

represented  by  a  small  hook  at  the  beginning,  on  the  left 
hand  side  of  p,  b,t,  d,ch,  j,and  the  under  side  of  k,g,r,  rm. 
R  following  curved  letters  may  be  represented  by  simply 
shading  them;  except  m  and  n,  which  have  a  small  hook 
at  the  beginning  besides  the  shading  (see  column  -r) . 


32.  Ler  Hook. — Ler  following  p,  b,  t,  d,  ch,  j,  or  k,  g,  r,  rm,  may 

be  represented  by  a  large  hook  at  the  beginning,  on  the 
left  hand  side  of  p,  b,  t,  d,  ch,  j,  and  the  under  side  of  k, 
g,  r,  rm.  Ler  following  curved  letters  may  be  represented 
by  using  the  large  hook  at  the  beginning,  and  shading  the 
letter  (see  column -ler). 

33.  S  Circle  Within  Hooks. — S  before  any  letter  and  1,  rel,  or  ler, 

following  the  letter,  may  be  represented  by  forming  the  s 
circle  within  the  desired  hook  on  that  letter  (see  columns 
s  -1,  s  -rel,  and  s  -ler) . 

34.  R  Hook  Included. — S,  st,  or  str  before  any  straight  letter  and 

r  following  the  letter  may  be  represented  by  forming  the 
s  circle,  st  loop,  or  str  loop  where  the  r  hook  belongs  (see 
the  first  five  horizontal  lines  in  columns  s  -r,  st  -r,  and 
str-r). 


22  MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


35.  R  Added  By  Shading. — S,  st,  or  str  before  and  r  following  any 

curved  letter  except  m  or  n,  may  be  represented  by  form- 
ing the  s  circle,  st  loop,  or  str  loop  at  the  beginning  of  the 
letter  and  shading  the  letter  (see  the  bottom  half  of 
columns  s -r,  st -r,  str-r). 

36.  M  and  N  Rule. — S  before  and  r  following  m  or  n,  may  be 

represented  by  forming  the  s  circle  within  the  r  hook  on 
m  or  n.  St  or  str  before  and  r  following  m  or  n,  may 
be  represented  by  forming  the  st  loop,  or  the  str  loop  at 
the  beginning  of  m  or  n,  and  adding  the  r  stroke  after  m 
or  n.  (See  illustrations  in  m  and  n  lines,  s -r,  st  -r, 
and  str  -r  columns) . 

37.  When  Read. — Circles  and  loops  are  always  read  where  writ- 

ten. Hooks  are  always  read  after  the  letter  on  which 
they  are  formed.  When  the  circle  is  placed  inside  of  the 
initial  hook,  the  circle  is  read  first,  then  the  letter  repre- 
sented by  the  stroke  and  after  that  the  hook.  When  the 
circle  or  loop  is  placed  so  that  it  includes  the  r  hook,  the 
circle  or  loop  is  read  first,  then  the  letter  represented  by 
the  stroke ,  and  after  that  the  r  hook. 

38.  No  Hooks  are  ever  formed  at  the  beginning  of  mp  and  ng. 

30.  Observe  that  all  the  hooks  learned  in  this  lesson  are  always 
formed  at  the  beginning  of  the  letter. 

40.  L  or  r  following  any  small  letter,  may  be  indicated  in  the  same 

way  as  following  the  large  letter  of  the  same  shape. 

41.  A    Difference. — For  examples  illustrating  when  to  use  the 

hooks  and  when  the  strokes  to  represent  1  and  r  following 
other  consonants,  see  line  14,  page  24. 

42.  Practice   the   exercise   in   joining   hooks   by   perpendicular 

columns,  then  by  horizontal  lines;  and  practice  them  until 
you  can  form  them  accurately  and  rapidly  before  advanc- 
ing to  the  words  in  the  lesson. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


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MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


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MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  25 

KEY. 

1.  Dear,  promise,  sure,  terms,  place,  small,  manner,  fail,  worth, 

scarce. 

2.  Increase,  work,  mail,  call,  services,  refer,  whether,  purchase, 

laborer,  prepare. 

3.  Decrease,  proper,  couple,  fire,  progress,  scarcity,  table,  final, 

produce,  frail. 

4.  Clerk,  charge,  tell,  public,  regular,  there,  trusting,  course, 

dealer,  single. 

5.  Price,  o'clock,  detail,  quality,  broker,  central,  nearly,  legal, 

bill,  flourish. 

6.  Reply,  express,  near,  barrel,  mark,  shares,  pure,  skill,  pleas- 

ing, prosperous. 

7.  Bring,  growing,  mineral,  flowers,  papers,  knowledge,  supply, 

surprise,  personal,  fear. 

8.  Corner,  original,  following,  drilling,  neighbor,  funnel,  break, 

miller,  plaster,  canal. 

9.  Glass,  level,  chronology,  parallel,  dwelling, straighter, bicycle , 

care,  harsh,  trifle. 

10.  Moral,  secure,  payable,  fill,  dressing,  carriage,  more,  exercise, 

please,  far. 

11.  Expressage,  groceries,  protest, propose, purpose,  nearer,  dry, 

electric,  insure,  proceeds. 

12.  Degree,  coloring,  wholesale,  black,  baker,  scholar,  bushel, 

claim,  stopper,  rare. 

13.  Spring,  rule,  merely,  grasp,  prime,  thrilling,  mackerel,  bear, 

nor,  quart. 

14.  Cheer,  cherry,  car,  carry,  full,  fully,  tale,  tallow,  near,  narrow. 

15.  Prescribe,  disagree,  describe,  boiler,  retail,  through,  several, 

policy,  civilized,  preliminary. 


26  MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 

EXPERTS'  METHODS. 

43.  Will,  All,  Are,  Our. — The  1  hook  is  frequently  used  for  will  or 

all,  and  the  r  hook  is  frequently  used  for  are  or  our  (see 
line  4,  page  46). 

44.  You  -the. — In  the  first  lesson  you  learned  that  the  letter  u, 

when  joined  to  other  letters,  might  be  written  either  up  or 
down.  In  the  third  lesson  you  noticed  that  that  applies 
to  the  word-sign  you  as  well  as  to  the  letter  u.  In  this  lesson 
learn  that  the  letter  u,  written  either  up  or  down,  when 
joined  to  another  word,  may  be  used  for  the  as  well  as  for 
you.  The  sense  of  the  sentence  always  enables  one  to  tell 
when  to  read  the  sign  you  and  when  to  read  it  the.  When 
the  word  you  is  not  joined  to  any  other  word  it  is  always 
represented  by  the  letter  u  written  upward.  When  the 
word  the  is  not  joined  to  any  other  word  it  is  always  repre- 
sented by  its  own  word-sign,  i  in  the  second  position.  In 
the  majority  of  cases  one  or  the  other  of  the  forms  for  the 
or  you  will  join  easily  and  in  all  such  cases  the  the  or  you 
should  be  joined  to  save  time,  which  is  the  object  in  all 
phrasing.  Be  sure  to  remember  that  you  has  only  two 
forms,  the  letter  u  written  up  or  down,  and  that  the  has 
three  forms,  the  word-sign  the,  and  u  written  either  up  or 
down.  (See  the  first  character  and  last  six  characters  in 
line  11,  page  46.  Also  see  all  except  the  last  character  in 
line  1,  page  48). 

45.  A,  an  -and. —  The  word-sign  for  a  or  an  and  the  word-sign  for 

and  may  be  used  interchangeably  when  joined  to  another 
word.  When  written  separately  the  forms  learned  as 
word-signs  are  always  used,  but  when  phrased  the  form 
which  will  join  more  easily  is  used  for  either  a,  an,  or  and. 
The  construction  of  the  sentence  shows  clearly  which  word 
should  be  read  when  the  sign  is  reached  in  reading  the 
shorthand.  (See  all  except  the  fourth  character  in  line  10, 
page  46). 

46.  You  will  find  illustrations  of  the  use  of  the  special  abbrevia- 

ting principles  taught  thus  far,  in  the  Reading  Exercises 
in  this  and  succeeding  lessons  and  should  use  those  forms 
when  they  are  more  convenient  in  writing  the  Writing  Exer- 
cises. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  27 


READING  EXERCISE. 


...:-> JL<-U_ 


WRITING  EXERCISE. 

1.  Do-you  know  what  object  he  can  have  in -the  legal  proceedings 

in-which  he-is  now  engaging? 

2.  I  hope-you-will  allow  me  to  suggest  some  important  improve- 

ments which-will  largely  increase  the  power  of -your  vehicles. 

3.  Heretofore  we-have  always  raised  the  salary  by  subscription, 

but-you  may  try  envelopes  if-you  desire  to-do-so. 

4.  It-is  likely  they-will  object  to-the  new  issue  of  stock   since- 

the  affairs  of-the  company  are  said  to-be  in  poor  shape  at- 
this-time. 

5.  It-is  already  some  time  past  the  hour  at -which  you-said-you 

would  have-the  repairs  ready  for-us. 

QUESTIONS. 

How  are  1  and  r  written  when  they  begin  words? 

Where  are  hooks  always  read?     Circles? 

When  following  any  letter,  how  is  1  represented?  R?  Ler?  Rel? 

How  do  you  represent  s  before  and  1  following  any  letter? 

When  do  you  use  hooks  and  when  strokes  to  represent^! 
and  r? 

What  letters  never  have  any  hooks  formed  at  the  beginning 
of  them? 

What  words  may  the  1  hook  represent  ?     The  r  hook  ? 

Give  full  particulars  about  the  different  ways  of  writing  a, 
and,  you,  and  the,  and  tell  when  to  use  each  form. 


28  MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  V.— FINAL  HOOKS. 

47.  F  or  V  Hook. — F  or  v  following  straight  letters  may  be  repre- 

sented by  a  small  hook  at  the  end,  on  the  right  hand  side 
of  p,  b,  t,  d,  ch,  j ;  and  the  upper  side  of  k,  g,  r,  nn ;  follow- 
ing the  curved  letters,  the  stroke  f  or  v  is  used  (see  column 
-f  or  -v,  page  30) . 

48.  Tive  Hook. — Tive  following  straight  letters  may  be  represent- 

ed by  a  large  hook  at  the  end,  on  the  right  hand  side  of  p, 
b,  t,  d,  ch,  j,  on  the  upper  side  of  k,  g,  r,  rm;  following  the 
curved  letters,  t  with  the  v  hook  is  used  (see  column  — tive). 

49.  N  Hook. — N  following  any  letter  may  be  represented  by  a 

small  hook  at  the  end,  on  the  left  side  of  p,  b,  t,  d,  ch,  j ;  the 
under  side  of  k,  g,  r,  rm,  and  on  the  inner  side  of  curved 
letters  (see  column  -n) . 

50.  Shun  Hook. — Shun  following  any  letter  may  be  represented 

by  a  large  hook  at  the  end,  on  the  left  hand  side  of  p,  b,  t, 
d,  ch,  j,  the  under  side  of  k,  g,  r,  rm,  and  the  inner  side  of 
curved  letters  (see  column  -shun) . 

51.  S  following  the  f  or  v  hook,  the  tive  hook,  or  the  shun  hook, 

may  be  represented  by  forming  the  s  circle  within  the  hook 
(see  columns  -f s,  -tives,  -shuns) . 

52.  Ns_  circle,  nses  circle,  nst  loop,  nstr  loop. — Ns,  nses,  nst,  or 

nstr,  following  straight  letters  may  be  represented  by 
placing  the  s  circle,  the  ses  circle,  the  st  loop,  or  the  str 
loop  where  the  n  hook  belongs  (see  the  first  five  horizontal 
lines  in  the  columns  -ns,  -nses,  -nst,  -nstr). 

53.  Ns  following  curved  letters  may  be  represented  by  forming 

the  s  circle  inside  of  the  n  hook  (see  bottom  half  of  column 
-ns). 

54.  Nses,  nst,  or  nstr,  following  curved  letters  may  be  represented 

by  writing  the  stroke  n  and  adding  the  ses  circle,  the  st  loop, 
or  the  str  loop  to  if  (see  the  bottom  half  of  columns  -nses, 
-nst,  -nstr). 

55.  S-shun,  s-shun-s,  and  ns-shun. — When  shun  follows  the  s 

circle  it  may  be  represented  by  continuing  the  line  and 
forming  a  little  hook  after  the  circle  (see  column  s-shun), 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  29 

and  if  s  follows  shun  represented  in  that  way,  it  may  be 
represented  by  forming  the  s  circle  within  the  hook  (see 
column  s-shun-s).  Ns-shun  following  straight  letters  may 
be  represented  by  continuing  the  line  and  forming  a  little 
hook  after  the  ns  circle  (see  column  -ns-shun). 

56.  Vive  in  words  like  revive  and  survive  may  be  represented  by 

the  tive  hook. 

57.  A  Difference. — For  examples  showing  when  to  use  the  hooks, 

and  when  to  use  the  strokes  f  and  v  at  the  end  of  words, 
see  line  14,  page  32. 

58.  Observe. — First,  that  the  hooks  learned  in  this  lesson  can 

never  conflict  with  the  hooks  learned  in  the  preceding  les- 
son, because  the  hooks  learned  in  this  lesson  are  always 
formed  at  the  end  of  the  letter,  while  those  learned  in  the 
preceding  lesson  are  always  formed  at  the  beginning  of  the 
letter.  Second,  that  all  hooks,  those  learned  in  the  pre- 
ceding lesson  and  those  learned  in  this  lesson,  are  always 
read  after  the  letter  on  which  they  are  formed.  If  a  letter 
has  a  hook  at  the  beginning  and  also  a  hook  at  the  end,  the 
letter  is  read  first,  then  the  hook  at  the  beginning,  and 
after  that  the  hook  at  the  end.  Third,  that  the  circles 
and  loops  learned  in  this  lesson  do  not  conflict  with  those 
learned  in  the  third  lesson,  because  the  circles  and  loops 
taught  in  this  lesson  are  added  only  to  straight  letters  and 
are  placed  on  the  opposite  side  from  those  learned  in 
the  third  lesson.  Fourth,  that  all  circles  and  loops  are 
read  in  just  the  order  in  which  they  are  written.  If  writ- 
ten first  they  are  read  first;  if  written  last  they  are  read 
last;  the  only  partial  exception  being  that  if  the  circle  or 
loop  is  written  so  as  to  include  the  r  hook,  the  r  hook  part 
of  it  is  read  after  the  letter  on  which  it  is  formed,  as  was 
explained  in  paragraph  34. 

59.  Practice  the  exercise  in  joining  the  hooks,  etc.,  in  perpendicu- 

lar columns,  then  horizontal  lines,  and  continue  to  prac- 
tice them  until  you  can  write  them  neatly,  and  without 
the  slightest  hestitation  before  advancing  to  the  words  in 
the  lesson. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


-tive          -n          -shun 


fs 
_vg 


-tives       -shuns 


\J 

b 

6 


1 


n. 


1 


J 


G 
J 


N; 


a 

4 
I 


C 


j? 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


-ns  -nses  -nst  -nstr         -s-shun       s-shun-s        -ns-shun 


ch 

k 


th 


sh 


r 
J 


13 


\ 

J 

o/ 


Xp 


J, 
J 


\ 


—  e 


X* 


J 


\ 

I 


u 

l^ 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


\ 
V 


V. 


f. 


V 


_\_..v 


1 

U—  x<^? 


_\_. 


Y 


/ 


N^j^« 

e^'~          / 


r     ^ 
n--^ 


10 
11 

12 


••--}•-- 

1  ^"^ 

JT. bl... 


\...\.. 


\  \ 

} L-v- 


14 


15 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  33 

KEY. 

1.  Brief,  cave,  knife,  drive,  move,  rough,  prove,  arrive,  observe, 

believe. 

2.  Done,  learn,  morning,  than,  bargain,  known,  fine,  furnish, 

sustain,  month. 

3.  Vacation,  examine,  location,  motion,  session,  action,  publica-   . 

tion,  acceptation,  began,  bank. 

4.  Mines,  proves,  indications,  relatives,  relations,  connections, 

loans,  knives,  gloves,  leaves. 

5.  Transaction,  suspense,  cleanses,  expense,  cancel,  plans,  banis- 

ter, against,  entrances,  gain. 

6.  Fences,  minister,  finest,  administer,  menaced,  sinister,  thin-   ! 

nest,  provinces,  evinces,  lenses. 

7.  Position,  decision,  incision,  secession,  physician,  procession,  ' 

transition,  accusation,  sensation,  propositions. 

8.  Remain,  finish,  improve,  main,  balance,  explain,  distribution, 

refrain,  chief,  inspection. 

9.  Mention,  insurance,  agency,  reference,  dispense,  clean,  live, 

line,  native,  nation. 

10.  Engine,  turn,  grain,  then,  plan,  stain,  strain,  varnish,  edu- 

cation, driven. 

i 

11.  Training,  defective,  occupation,  broken,  impression,  none, 

provoke,  intense,  raining,  captive. 

12.  Actively,   diminish,   vainly,   pardon,   tariff,   burn,   reprove, 

acquisition,  serve,  civilization. 

13.  Negative,  fans,  deserve,  engraving,  selection,  reserve,  sta- 

tionery, national,  refine,  fancy. 

14.  Fun,  funny,  moon,  money,  pen,  penny,  cough,  coffee,   cane, 

canoe. 

15.  Musician,  cleansed,  sudden,  earthen,  hence,  adoption,  dic- 

tionary, join,  portions. 


34 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


WORD- 

1.  ease    -y.     3.  us,    use. 

SIGNS. 

3.  unless. 

) 

<!_P 

\ 

1.  comply.     2.  apply. 
3.  compel. 

V 

2.   acknowledge. 

\ 

1.  principle    -al    -ly.     2. 
appear. 

( 

1.   either.      2.   other. 
3.     another,   thorough. 

\ 

3.  subject. 

~> 

1.   very.      2.   over. 
3.    moreover. 

\ 

2.  re   -member.     3.  num- 
ber -ed. 

J 

1.   pleasure.      2.  measure. 
3.  assure,  surely. 

r. 

1.  city.     2.  satisfy    -ed 
-actory.     3.  sweet. 

w 

\ 

1.   opinion.      2.  happen   -ed. 
3.  upon.     4.   open. 

r 

3.   until. 

\ 

1.  business. 

i 

2.  water.     3.  truth. 

\ 

3.  above. 

LX- 

1.  typewriter. 

J 

3.  attention. 

r 

1.  deliver  -y  -ed. 

I 

1.  differ  -ent  -ly  -ence. 
3.    advance  -d  -ment. 

1 

1  .  consider. 

J 

2.  general  -ly. 

- 

1.  equal     -ly.      3.   diffi- 
cult -y. 

— 

2.  govern  -ed  -ment  -or. 

*•  " 

2.  enclose  -ing. 

H 

2.   again. 

r* 

2.  Mr.,    remark    -ed    -able 
-ably. 

^ 

2.  arrange  -d  -ment 

^ 

2.  only. 

S 

1.   receive. 

Other  word-signs  on  pages  14,  42,  52,  53,  and  62. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  35 

EXPERTS'  METHODS. 

60.  Have,  Of,  If,  Off,  Forth.—  The  f  or  v  hook  is  frequently  used 

for  have,  of,  if,  off  or  forth  (see  line  5,  page  46). 

61.  Than,  Own,  One,  Been.  —  The  n  hook  is  frequently  used  for 

than,  own,  one,  or  been  (see  all  except  the  second  and 
third  characters  in  line  6,  page  46). 

READING  EXERCISE. 


c—  ^1 


WRITING  EXERCISE. 

1.  We-will  ship-the  typewriter  subject  to-your  approval  upon 

delivery,  and  we-think-you-will  rarely  again  receive  such-a 
bargain. 

2.  More-than  half  of-the  city  water  was  taken  from  streams  or 
/    rivers  which  had  canning  and-other  factories  near  them. 

3.  We  enclose  the-different  samples  herewith  and  would  like 

you  to  make  a  selection  of-the  one  you-think  likely  to 
suit  us. 

4.  Until  you-are  in-a  position  to  smile  at-your  losses,   you- 

should  steer  clear  of  mining  and-other  speculative  stocks. 

5.  Senseless  sentences  seem  easier  to  form  than  those  which- 

have  some  semblance  of-a  satisfactory  idea  in-them. 

QUESTIONS. 

After  each  class  of  letters,  how  do  you  add  f  or  v?  Tive?  N? 
Shun?  Fs  or  vs?  Tives?  Shuns?  Ns?  N-ses?  Nst?  Nstr?  S-shun? 

S-shun-s? 

How  do  the  ns  circle,  the  n-ses  circle,  the  nst  loop,  and  the 
nstr  loop  differ  from  the  s  circle,  ses  circle,  st  loop  and  str  loop? 

What  words  may  the  f  or  v  hook  be  used  for?     The  n  hook? 


36  MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  VI.— HALVING  AND  DOUBLING. 

62.  T  or  D  Added  By  Halving. — T  or  d  following  any  large  letter 

may  be  indicated  by  making  the  letter  half  length  (see 
column  -t  or  -d,  page  38). 

63.  Half  Length  With  Initial  Hooks. — When  letters  having  ini- 

tial hooks  are  made  half  length,  the  letter  represented  by 
the  stroke  is  read  first,  then  the  hook,  and  after  that  the  t 
or  d  added  by  the  halving  (see  columns  -It,  -Id,  and-rt,  -rd) . 

64.  Half  Length  With  Final  Hooks. — When  letters  having  final 

hooks  are  made  half  length,  the  letter  represented  by  the 
stroke  is  read  first, then  the  hook,  and  after  that  the  t  or  d 
added  by  the  halving  (see  columns  -ft,  — vd,  and  -nt, 
-nd). 

65.  Ts,  Ds,  versus  St,  Sd. — To  add  ts  or  ds  after  any  large  letter, 

make  the  letter  half  length  and  add  the  s  circle.  To  add 
st  or  sd  after  any  large  letter,  make  the  letter  full  length 
and  add  the  st  loop,  (see  column  -ts,  -ds). 

66.  Fts  or  Vds.—  To  add  fts  or  vds  to  any  straight  letter,  make  the 

letter  half  length  and  add  the  f  or  v  hook  with  the  s  circle 
within  it,  but  to  add  fts  or  vds  to  curved  letters,  write  the 
f  or  v  stroke  half  length  followed  by  the  s  circle  (see  col- 
umn-fts,  -vds). 

67.  Nts  or  Nds. — To  add  nts  or  nds  to  any  straight  letter,  make 

the  letter  half  length  and  add  the  ns  circle,  but  to  add  nts 
or  nds  to  any  curved  letter,  make  the  letter  half  length 
and  add  the  n  hook  with  the  s  circle,  within  it.  (see  column 
-nts,  -nds). 

68.  Tn  or  Dn. — To  add  tn  or  dn  to  any  large  letter,  either 

make  the  letter  half  length  and  add  the  n  stroke  or  make 
the  letter  full  length  and  add  the  stroke  t  with  the  n  hook 
or  the  stroke  d  with  the  n  hook.  Use  the  form  which  is 
easiest  to  make  or  the  form  which  best  divides  the  word 
into  syllables.  To  a  considerable  extent,  each  stroke 
indicates  a  syllable.  If  the  first  letter  is  half  length,  the 
t  or  d  is  part  of  the  first  syllable  but  if  the  t  or  d  is  written 
with  the  n  hook,  the  t  or  d  is  part  of  the  second  syllable 
(see  column  -tn,  -dn). 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  37 


69.  Tns  or  Dns. — To  add  tns  or  dns  to  any  large  letter,  either 

-make  the  letter  half  length  and  add  the  stroke  n  and  the 
s  circle,  or  make  the  letter  full  length  and  add  t  with  the 
ns  circle  or  d  with  the  ns  circle  (see  column  -tns,  -dns). 
The  remarks  made  in  the  preceding  paragraph  as  to  which 
form  to  use,  and  about  syllables,  also  apply  here.  Learn 
to  distinguish  between  adding  nt  or  nd,  and  adding  tn  or 
dn,  also  between  adding  nts  or  nds  and  adding  tns  or  dns. 

70.  Ter,  Der,  Ther,  or  Cher  by  Doubling. — Either  of  the  syllables 

ter,  der,  ther,  cher,  maybe  added  to  any  large  letter  by  mak- 
ing it  double  length.  The  sense  always  makes  plain  which 
syllable  is  to  be  read  (see  column  -ter,  -der,  -ther,  -cher) . 

71.  Per  or  ber,  and  ker  or  ger. — In    addition  to   ter,  der,  ther, 

or  cher,  the  syllables  per  or  ber  may  be  added  to  m,  and 
the  syllables  ker  or  ger  to  n  or  ng,  by  doubling. 

72.  Double  Length  With  Initial  Hooks. — When  an  initial  hook 

is  formed  on  a  double  length  letter,  the  letter  represented 
by  the  stroke  is  read  first,  then  the  hook,  and  after  that 
the  syllable  added  by  the  doubling  (see  columns  -Iter, 
-rter,  etc). 

73.  Double  Length  With  Final  Hooks. — When  a  hook,  circle,  or 

loop  is  added  at  the  end  of  a  double  length  letter,  it  is 
read  after  the  syllable  added  by  the  doubling  (see  line  9, 
page  40). 

74.  Position. — Half  length  letters  may  be  written  either  under 

the  line  or  crossing  the  line  for  third  position.  In  double 
length  letters,  the  first  half  of  the  character  should  be 
placed  to  show  the  position  of  the  word,  no  matter  where 
the  other  half  goes  (see  line  7). 

75.  Practice  the  exercise  in  halving  and  doubling  by  perpendicu- 

lar columns,  then  by  horizontal  lines.  It  is  very  impor- 
tant to  learn  to  make  the  half  length  and  double  length 
characters  of  the  correct  proportionate  length,  because  it 
is  difficult  to  read  shorthand  if  you  cannot  tell  for  what 
length  each  character  is  intended.  First,  make  p  half 
length,  then  p  full  length,  and  then  p  double  length.  Then 
make  b  half  length,  b  full  length,  b  double  length.  Then 
t,  each  of  the  three  lengths,  and  so  on  until  all  of  the  large 
letters  have  been  formed  the  three  lengths.  By  repeating 
this  practice  a  few  times,  you  will  learn  to  make  the 
characters  accurately  with  reference  to  length  and  that 
will  be  a  great  help  to  you  in  all  of  the  shorthand  work 
you  ever  do. 

2 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


-It 
-Id 


-rt 
-rd 


-ts 
-ds 


-ft 
-vd 


-fts 
-vds 


-nt 
-nd 


r 


J 


-r 


J 

•  t 

I 


\s 


V 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


-nts 
-nds 


-tn 
-dn 


-ter  -Iter  -rter 

-tns  -der  -Ider  -rder 

-dns  -ther  -Ither  -rther 

-cher  -Icher  -rcher 


J> 


L 
C 


1 


-1 

1 


r 
j 


M  ; 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


1 

M           "  n    ~  ^ 

2 

\        ] 
„    ^     ^    .v..  V.....<\...V  ..>...  .S:... 

3 

I*  >f!  i...  >.....  V.  ?     L 

4 

i    l                        •%-- 

5 

~^^            "              J 

6 

^    ^    v   ^   - 

7 

7  S  ^•••••^""  —  ••••••^ 

8 

9 

^x°  i                 /                            •         1 

j^                               f                                              Lx^^~^\                                     V^         Av          Q-* 

x^                      1  D            '                                                                                                           *                  ^                                                                   ( 

10 

U^                                                                                                    v                                 ^                                                                                          * 

11 

^^                                                                 ^^s^-X                                                                                      P              x^ 

12 

13 

V          ^     1      ^_  \      ^      L    _".  

14 

15 

<?"9 

X         -i     V   L     u    \   ^ 

I/ 

f* 

MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  41 


KEY. 

1.  Pit,  pity,  put,  putty,  might,  mighty,  need,  needy,  laid,  lady. 

2.  Great,   garret,   mailed,   mallet,   bold,   ballot,   part,    parrot, 

feared,  effort. 

3.  Goods,  cost,  lots,  lowest,  doubts,  dust,  permits,  promised, 

divides,  advised. 

4.  Rent,  written,  tent,  tighten,  canned,  cotton,  bind,  bitten, 

find,  fatten. 

5.  Prints,   pretense,   rents,   retains,   brands,   brightens,   kinds, 

kittens,  plants,  depends. 

6.  Grafts,  gratifies,  rafts,  ratifies,  lands,  lifts,  friends,  drafts, 

shafts,  minds. 

7.  Butter,  matter,  neither,  rather,  further,  determined,  inspec- 

tor, wonder,  center,  collector. 

8.  Temper,  lumber,  finger,  hunger,  linger,  fault,  right,  wired, 

want,  second. 

9.  Return,  directors,  letters,  modern,  temperance,  brought,  did, 

heard,  left,  send. 

10.  Paid,  avoid,  exactly,  correspondence,  payment,  remit,  hold, 

towards,  market,  prompt. 

11.  Art,  recent,  render,  short,  getting,  instead,  kindly,  could, 

stand,  regard. 

12.  Permit,  promote,  deserved,  kindness,  furniture,  receipted, 

imports,  invent,  rapid,  remainder. 

13.  Prevent,  notify,  judgment,  select,  made,  private,  provide, 

attempt,  cents,  good. 

14.  Credit,  statement,  that,  capital,  direct,  moderate,  ground, 

report,  indirectly,  entirely. 

15.  Result,  glad,  method,  present,  dry-goods,  demand,  president, 

patient,  bundle,  midnight. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


WORD-SIGNS. 


* 

1.  received,  receipt. 

\ 

^ 

2.  to-morrow. 

1 

- 

1.  impossible. 

~ 

~» 

2.  nothing. 

- 

1.  influence.     2.  com- 

• 

mence. 

- 

1.  necessary     -itv. 
2.     United  States. 

' 

^ 

1.  information. 

- 

^ 

1.  next. 

V. 

i 

1.  within. 

- 

s. 

1.  office. 

f 

v. 

1.   often. 

\ 

^ 

1.  offer. 

\ 

^ 

1.  even. 

\ 

r 

2.  alone. 

•\ 

\ 

2.  apt. 

< 

1.  between.  2.  body. 

3.  about. 

2.  had  had,  had  it. 

3.  duty,  do  it. 


1.   immediate  -Iv. 


1.   not.      2.  nature     -d. 
3.    under,  hundred. 

1.  thought.     2.     that. 
3.     without. 

1 .  east,  establish  -ed  -ment. 

2.  astonish   -ed  -ment. 

3.    used. 

1.  settlement. 


1.  feature.     2.  after,  here- 
after.    3.  future. 


2.  forward  -ed. 


1.   little.     2.   old. 


1.  opportunity.     2.  par- 
ticular -ly. 

1.  complied,   complete. 
2.    applied.     3.  com- 
pejkd. 

1.  expect,     except.     2.  ac- 
cept. 


1.   spirit. 


1.  ability,  able  to. 


Other  word-signs  on  pages  14,  34,  52,  53,  and  62. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  43 


EXPERTS'  METHODS. 

76.  Not. — The  word  not  following  a  small  word-sign  or  a  half 

length  letter  may  be  represented  by  adding  the  n  hook. 
Following  a  full  length  letter  not  may  be  represented  by 
making  the  letter  half  length  and  adding  the  n  hook  which 
is  equivalent  to  adding  nt,  according  to  paragraph  64 
(see  line  7,  page  46). 

77.  It,  Ty,  Ity. — It,  ty,  or  ity,  may  be  represented  by  halving  the 

preceding  letter  (see  line  8,  page  46). 

78.  There,  Their,  They  are,  Other. — There,  their,  they  are,  or 

other  may  be  added  by  doubling  the  preceding  letter  (see 
line  9,  page  46). 

READING  EXERCISE. 


1    r                ^     J        ^ 

(* 

"  '  '^o  "/   —    """"   "  " 

4 

v                            / 

^^^     V                         n    ^^      v     ^  -& 

\ 
I 

*                 6 

\    r 

...T^.A.   (.  ^  .     ..*.,  >..4...r-. 

..x rr*    f\....  >  io ...... j. i 

) 

WRITING  EXERCISE. 

1 .  The  desired  results  cannot-be  procured  by  any-other  means. 

2.  Government  bonds  are  very  safe,  but  do-not  pay  large  divi- 

dends. 

3.  I-thought-the  material  used  of  good  quality,  but-not  the- 

best. 

4.  Did-you  say-that-the  courts  have-not  yet  rendered  their 

decision? 

5.  I-regret  to  state-that  none  of-the  information  you-have  fur- 

nished  has   lead  to-the  identification  or  recovery  of-the 
articles. 

QUESTIONS. 

Following  each  class  of  letters,  how  can  t  or  d  be  indicated? 
Lt  or  Id?  Rt  or  rd?  Ts  or  ds?  St  or  sd?  Ft  or  vd?  Fts?  Nt  or  nd?  Nts 
or  nds?  Tn  or  dn?  Tns  or  dns?  Ter?  Der?  Ther?  Cher? 
How  may  not  be  added?  It?  There? 


44  MODERNIPITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  VII.— EXPERTS'  METHODS. 

79.  The  Special  Speed  Expedients  of  Experts  which  are  illustrated 

on  lines  3  to  12  inclusive,  page  46,  are  described  in  para- 
graphs 14,  27,  28,  43,  44,  45,  60,  61,  76,  77,  and  78,  and 
those  paragraphs  should  be  reviewed  in  connection  with 
this  lesson.  Beginners  should  by  all  means  learn  to  use 
the  methods  used  by  experts  because  they  can  in  that  way 
soonest  become  experts  themselves. 

80.  Phrasing. — Experts  phrase  a  great  deal,  because  it  saves 

time,  and  if  the  shorthand  is  well  written,  phrasing  in- 
creases the  difficulty  of  reading  it  very  little.  The  ar- 
ticles a,  an,  the,  the  pronouns  you,  he,  I,  we,  and  the  con- 
junctions an,  or,  but,  are  nearly  always  joined  to  some 
other  word,  and  all  of  them  except  or  and  but  may  be 
taken  out  of  their  own  position  in  order  to  allow  the  word 
joined  to  them  to  remain  in  its  position.  The  prepositions 
of,  on,  with,  in,  by,  for,  from,  etc.,  usually  have  the  word 
which  follows  them  joined  to  them,  but  they  usually  keep 
their  own  position  arid  allow  the  other  word  to  be  thrown 
out  of  position  if  necessary.  Whenever  two  or  three 
words  which  often  follow  each  other  can  be  written  easily 
without  lifting  the  pencil,  it  is  well  to  phrase  them,  even 
though  only  one  of  the  words  retains  its  proper  position. 
Do  not  phrase  proper  names,  technical  terms,  or  words  of 
unfrequent  occurrence. 

81.  T  Omitted. — For  the  sake  of  speed,  t  may  be  omitted  in  some 

cases  between  letters  where  the  s  circle  can  be  written 
easier  than  the  st  loop  (see  line  1,  page  46). 

82.  Est. — The  syllable  est  can  sometimes  be  indicated  best  by 

the  stroke  s  half  length,  written  either  up  or  down  (see 
line  1). 

83.  Ted  or  Ded  Following  T,  D,  or  V,  may  be  represented  by  the 

arbitrary  mark  used  in  the  examples  in  line  1. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  45 

84.  Fourth  Position. — A  letter  is  said  to  be  written  in  the  fourth 

position  when  it  is  written  so  that  the  top  of  the  letter 
touches  the  bottom  of  the  line.  Words  are  sometimes 
written  in  the  fourth  position  to  indicate  that  some  vowel 
must  be  read  before  the  first  consonant.  In  such  cases 
no  particular  vowel  is  indicated  and  no  other  vowel  in  the 
word  is  indicated  by  the  position.  The  stenographer 
simply  has  the  consonants  of  the  word  and  knows  that 
the  word  begins  with  a  vowel.  It  is  usually  easy  to  read 
such  words  (see  line  2). 

85.  H,  W,  and  Y  Omitted. — H,  w,  and  y,  can  sometimes  be 

omitted  from  the  middle  of  long  words  and  the  words  still 
remain  plain  enough  to  be  read  easily  (see  line  2). 

86.  Yes,  Yer. — Ys  may  represent  any  ending  sounding  like  yes, 

often  spelled  ious ;  yr  may  represent  any  ending  sounding 
like  yer,  often  spelled  ior,  ier,  or  yer  (see  line  2). 

87.  Of,  Of  The,  From  or  From  The,  may  be  omitted,  if  the  omis- 

sion is  indicated  by  writing  the  following  word  almost 
against,  and  a  little  above  the  end  of  the  preceding  word 
(see  line  13). 

SS.  To,  or  To  The  may  be  omitted,  if  the  omission  is  indicated 
by  writing  the  following  word  almost  against,  and  a  little 
below  the  end  of  the  preceding  word.  The  omission  of  to 
may  also  be  indicated  by  writing  the  word  following  it  in 
the  fourth  position  (see  line  14). 

89.  Other  Words  that  must  necessarily  be  supplied  to  make 

sense,  are  sometimes  omitted  in  expressions  of  frequent 
occurrence  (see  line  14). 

90.  Words  having  the  same  consonants  may  be  distinguished 

from  each  other  by  using  a  different  position,  or  different 
outline  for  each,  and  should  be  memorized  when  met  (see 
line  15). 

91.  Proper  names  should  be  written  in  ordinary  writing  the  first 

time  they  occur,  to  get  the  correct  spelling  of  them;  but  a 
stenographer  should  obtain  or  compile  a  list  of  the  names 
and  addresses  of  the  firms  with  whom  his  house  corres- 
ponds, and  in  spare  moments  commit  the  spelling  of  the 
names,  and  practice  writing  them  in  shorthand  until  they 
can  be  written  rapidly,  and  read  at  sight. 


46 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


> 


10 
11 

i 

12 
13 
14 
15 


\ 


A  .....  V, 


.1 ( 


J. 


.V 


21 

..i L.  £ i. 

v          \ 


V 


cr^- 


-C-T- 

r 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  47 

KEY. 

1.  Postage,  custom,  they  must  have,  esteem,  gravest,  dated, 

voted,  treated,  acted,  directed. 

2.  Items,  honest,  age,  obtain,  apprehend,  backward,  tedious, 

various,  superior,  lawyer. 

3.  I  may  be,  it  may  be,  they  may  be,  which  may  be,  for  us,  send 

us,  with  us,  to  us,  tell  us,  let  us  know. 

4.  By  all,  in  all,  they  will,  and  will,  we  will,  which  are,  they  are, 

we  are,  in  our,  or  are. 

5.  I  have,  to  have,  what  have,  and  have,  which  have,  call  forth, 

or  if,  carry  off,  out  of,  we  have. 

6.  More  than,  better  than,  rather  than,  my  own,  our  own,  their 

own,  which  one,  no  one,  have  been,  had  been. 

7.  Or  not,  but  not,  and  not,  should  not,  did  not,  could  not,  will 

not,  have  not,  had  not,  can  not. 

8.  If  it,  for  it,  have  it,  will  it,  can  it,  keep  it,  pack  it,  variety, 

ingenuity,  notoriety. 

,  i).    In  their,  if  they  are,  selling  their,  some  other,  can  there,  each 
other,  while  they  are,  through  their,  finish  their,  are  there. 

10.  And  if,  and  can,  and  shall,  and  return,  and  may,  if  a,  or  a, 

it  a,  should  a,  a  day. 

11.  Do  you,  you  will,  you  are,  you  have,  you  may,  you  can, if  you, 

you  know,  you  think,  you  should. 

12.  The  price,  are  the,  in  the,  the  advantage,  by  the,  or  the,  the 

next,  if  the,  can  the,  think  the. 

13.  Amount  of  capital,  in  consequence  of  which,  a  list  of  the 

articles,  number  of  orders,  heard  from  the  last. 

14.  I  am  sorry  to  hear,  in  relation  to  the  matter,  to  think,  to  do, 

more  or  less,  from  time  to  time,  could  have  been,  where 
do  you  live. 

15.  Moral,  immoral,  legal,  illegal,  needless,  endless,  immigration, 

emigration,  desolate,  dissolute. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


<      - 


v 


- ^ -- 


-1  b 


M 

6 


7 
8 
9 

10 
11 
12 


13 


14 


15 


I/ 


j 


V 


X"  A 


1     J'     1    ]      1 

... I  —  J J 


7 


A. 


1  ......  i  .....  \  ........ 

.......  -i- 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  49 

KEY. 

1.  With  the,  on  the,  and  the,  for  the,  from  the,  is  the,  as  the, 

was  the,  to  the,  get  the. 

2.  By  the,  do  the,  send  the,  the  cost,  the  goods,  the  time,  the 

first,  the  last,  an  order,  a  case. 

3.  A  place,  a  price,  is  a,  as  a,  was  a,  on  a,  but  a,  with  a,  a  good, 

for  a. 

4.  Get  a,  sell  a,  sent  a,  make  a,  you  are,  you  are  not,  you  will, 

you  will  have,  you  will  not,  you  will  not  have. 

5.  You  will  be,  you  will  find,  you  should,  should  you,  you  shall, 

you  can,  you  cannot,  if  you  will,  if  you  are,  as  you. 

C.  Are  you,  from  you,  he  is,  he  has,  he  was,  he  will,  he  can,  he 
cannot,  he  might,  he  may. 

7.  I  will,  I  will  not,  I  will  not  be,  I  will  have,  I  can,  I  cannot, 

I  enclose  you,  I  desire,  I  regret  that,  I  have. 

8.  I  have  been,  I  have  not,  I  have  not  been,  I  did,  I  did  not, 

I  had,  I  had  been,  I  had  not,  I  do,  I  do  not. 

9.  I  am,  I  am  not,  I  am  sure,  I  am  not  sure,  I  am  certain,  I  am 

sorry,  I  am  very  certain,  I  am  aware,  I  expect,  I  should. 

10.  I  must,  I  shall,  I  shall  not,  I  ship,  I  think,  I  think  you  will, 

I  think  you  are,  I  think  it  is,  I  hope,  I  hope  you  will. 

1 1 .  We  will,  we  will  be,  we  will  not,  we  will  not  be,  we  are,  we  are 

not,  we  have,  we  have  been,  we  have  not,  we  can. 

12.  We  cannot,  we  shall,  we  shall  not,  we  hope,  we  hope  you  will, 

we  hope  you  are,  we  expect,  we  will  expect,  we  think, 
we  think  it. 

13.  We  think  it  is,  we  mean,  we  might,  we  may,  we  may  not,  we 

may  have,  we  may  not  have,  we  did,  we  did  not,  we  had. 

14.  We  had  been,  we  had  not,  we  do,  we  do  not,  we  hope  that  you 

are,  we  hope  that  you  will,  we  fear  you  are,  we  fear  you  will, 
we  are  unable  to,  we  are  inclined. 

15.  We  will  forward  you,  we  will  forward  them,  we  will  furnish, 

we  will  furnish  them,  we  will  do  so,  we  are  aware,  we  are 
sorry,  we  are  very  sorry,  we  are  certain,  we  are  sure. 


5o  MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


1 

_D 

2 

...                                                          ... 

.1.  ..!...,.    \  L 

3 

j 
^      }         .1  1       J  .'.  1...]         i_ 

4 

o                                                                                           1 

r     c     '    -     '  <       f     , 

5 

0 

,      1       L      L      1      (,     (*   t  t  ^ 

6 

I                  /              /                /                  C>           "-f                                        —7 
•^         j/       --2L  i(L..  „.          \>        -~^t       ^~\          '      ~~J- 

7 

8 

.:?...\....\.-—.J\.__.J*\  ..                                 V^ 

9 

(^       \*  ^—\       "^--     L,      Ls>     ^      V    ^° 

10 

P-^     <»\    S   S       ^_V\*           < 

11 

}  /•  -^  ^^-  -}-- 

(L           0                                                                                                                                                       I 

V  *      -"         -          -^ 

12 

V"V""\'     -^--      ^  i- 

r      "^^               v       \                                 ^° 

13 

"  V.             ^         VJ 

14 

v^l    L   ^     x    i,      %       t 

13 

~*\~  \*  *-*  —  v  

—  ^v-  —  -  —  —                  ..  /-|..        -0 

MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  51 

KEY. 

1.  And  will,  and  will  be,  and  will  have,  and  will  not,  and  will 

not  be,  and  are,  and  are  not,  and  is,  and  has,  and  was. 

2.  And  think,  and  think  that,  and  think  it  is,  and  that,  and  then, 

and  this,  and  while,  and  yet,  and  can,  and  can  not. 

3.  And  expect,  and  it  is,  and  it  has,  and  it  was,  and  did,  and  did 

not,  and  had,  and  had  been,  and  had  not,  and  do. 

4.  And  do  not,  it  will,  it  will  have,  it  will  not,  or  will  not,  or  are 

not,  or  will  have,  but  are  not,  which  will  have,  which 
will  not. 

5.  Which  are  not,  it  is,  it  is  not,  it  is  a,  it  is  the,  this  is,  this  is 

not,  this  is  a,  this  is  the,  there  is  nothing. 

G.  It  has  been,  which  has  been,  which  have  been,  which  have  not 
been,  in  this,  in  those,  in  them,  in  that,  in  which,  in  large. 

7.  In  case,  inasmuch  as,  in  our  own,  in  our  line,  in  our  business, 

in  all  cases,  is  there,  as  there,  was  there,  I  hand  you. 

8.  Be  glad,  be  pleased,  be  able  to,  shall  be,  shall  not  be,  must  be, 

must  do,  must  have,  must  not,  for  which. 

9.  There  are,  there  are  not,  inform  you,  not  only,  it  is  only,  it  is 

necessary,  you  are  aware,  by  freight,  by  express,  that  they. 

10.  When  there  is  anything,  let  us  know,  let  us  have,  we  have 

just,  we  have  no  doubt,  very  glad,  please  send,  please  send 
us,  when  you  order,  we  have  this  day. 

11.  Advise  us,  please  advise  us,  as  per,  of  your,  to  your  address, 

of  our,  to  our,  you  may  be  able  to,  in  the  near  future, 
to  do  so. 

12.  In  this  city,  higher  than  the,  at  present,  send  them,  it  will 

be  impossible,  you  must  remember,  that  you  are,  that  you 
will,  you  should  be  sure,  as  well  as. 

13.  As  long  as,  as  soon  as,  as  much  as,  as  good  as,  as  far  as,  as 

large  as,  we  shall  be  able  to,  we  shall  not  be  able  to,  we  will 
have,  we  will  do. 

14.  You  will  be  likely,  we  think  you  will,  we  think  you  will  find, 

we  shall  be  pleased,  we  shall  be  glad,  we  did  not  know,  we 
do  not  know,  we  did  not  understand,  we  do  not  understand, 
we  will  consider. 

15.  We  will  consider  it,  we  will  consider  the,  you  must  not  be, 

you  must  not  do,  you  will  perceive,  you  can  do,  it  is  your 
own,  longer  than,  in  response,  in  regard. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


WORD-SIGNS. 


L 
k 


2.  toward. 

2.  accord  -ing  -ly. 

1.  certain  -ly- 
1.  behind. 

1.  gentlemen.     3.  agent. 

2.  cannot.     3.  account. 

3.  around. 

1.  remittance. 

3.  amount. 

1.  quite,    question. 

2.  quantity.     3.  quar- 
ter -ly. 

1.  frequent  -ly  -cy.     2.  ac- 
quaint -ed  -ance. 

1.  request  -ed  -ing. 
1.  wild.     3.  world. 
3.  duplicate. 
1.  department. 


V 


s 


2.  advertise  -d  -ing  -ment. 
1.   Dear  Sir. 

1.  My  Dear  Sir. 

2.  I  am  in  receipt  of. 

2.  I  am  just  in  receipt  of. 
1.  We  are  in  receipt  of. 
1.  We  are  just  in  receipt  of. 
1.  your  letter. 

1.  your  order. 

^ 
1.  your  favor. 

1.  your  communication. 
1.  your  esteemed  favor. 

1.  your  esteemed  order. 

2.  at  hand.     4. to  hand. 
1.  and  contents  noted. 


- 


Other  word-sigds  on  pages  14,  34,  42,  S3,  and  62. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


53 


WORD-SIGNS. 


1.   and    contents    carefully 
noted. 


1 .  and  note  contents. 
1     in  reply. 
1.   in  reply  to. 

] .   herewith  enclosed. 

1.  whether  or  not. 

3.   it  was. 

2.  collect  this. 


1.  herewith  hand  you. 
3.     hear  from  you 


1.  by  return  mail. 

1.  please  acknowledge. 
1.  ought  to  have. 

1.  per  annum. 

2.  Express  Co. 

2.   Express    Money    Order. 


2.   Post  Office  Money  Order. 
1.  in  reference  to. 

1 .  with  reference  to. 

2.  C.  O.  D. 

2.  F.  O.  B. 


1.  is  his,  is  as.  2  as  his, 
as  is.  3.  was  his,  was 
as.  4.  his  is,  his  has. 

1.  is  it.  2.  as  it,  has  it. 
3.  was  it. 


1 .  we     would.     2.  you 

would.     3.    but  would. 


3.  very  much. 

1.  and  oblige. 

1.  you  will  oblige. 

1.  we  are  obliged. 


3.  we   are   very   much   ob- 
liged. 


1 .   and  company. 


1.  etc. 


Other  word-signs  on  pages  14,  34,  42.  52,  and  62. 


54  MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


READING  EXERCISE. 


__£>          p 

j      —    e  ^     .    v     \ 

/...\A  .!:  r^ 

^   1                                   •-*-/• 

Y 

^                   '"^                  rC^ 

^  \P  x^- 1  v 

'-•  °-      ^    v 


V 

WRITING  EXERCISE. 

GENTLEMEN:^ 

We-beg  (to)  call  your  attention  again  to-our  account  which 
was  due  on-the  first  of  June,  and-which-you  promised-us  we 
should-have  before-the  end  of  July,  but-which  still  remains 
unpaid  now  at-the-end  of  August.  We-are-very-much  in-need 
(of)  funds  at-this-time  and  you-will-oblige-us  greatly  if-you 
send-a  remittance  in  settlement  of  account  by-return-mail. 

If-you-are  in-need  of  any-thing  in-our-line,  send  your-order 
along  with-the  remittance  in  settlement  of-the  old  account,  and- 
it-shall-have  our  very  best  attention. 

Trusting  (to)  hear-from-you  promptly,  I  am, 

QUESTIONS. 

What  is  the  expert's  method  of  writing  may  be?  Adding 
us?  Will?  All?  Are?  Our?  Have?  Of?  If?  Off?  Forth?  Than?  Own? 
One?  Been?  It?  Ty?  There?  Their?  They  are?  Other? 

In  how  many  ways  may  each  of  the  following  words  be 
written  and  when  do  you  use  each  form?  You?  The?  A?  An? 
And? 

How  may  each  of  the  following  be  indicated  without  writing 
them?  Of?  Of  the?  From?  From  the?  To?  To  the? 
Where  is  the  fourth  position  and  what  is  it  used  for? 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  55 


LESSON  VIII.— PREFIXES. 

92.  Vowel  Indicated. — In  words  in  which  the  prefixes  are  used, 

the  vowel  in  the  prefix  is  disregarded,  and  the  vowel  in 
the  other  part  of  the  word  is  indicated  by  the  position  of 
the  first  consonant  in  the  other  part  of  the  word. 

93.  Con,  Com,  Accom,  or  Cog,  may  be  represented  by  k  (see  line 

i,  next  page). 

94.  Contra,  Contri,  Contro,  or  Counter,  may  be  represented  by 

k  half  length  (see  line  2). 

95.  Magna,  Magne,  Magni,  Magno,  and  Me  in  familiar  names 

may  be  represented  by  m  (see  line  3). 

96.  In,  En,  or  Un,  may  be  represented  by  n,  except  before  kw 

or  r,  where  a  little  hook  may  be  used  instead.     The 
hook  may  also  be  used  before  a  circle  when  more  con- 
venient (see  line  4). 
9  7 .  Intel,  Inter,  Intro,  Enter,  or  Under,  may  be  represented  by  n 

half  length  (see  line  5). 
— — — 

98.  Fore,  For,  or  Forth,  may  be  represented  by  f  (see  line  6). 

99.  Frm  may  be  represented  by  f  shaded,  and  the  vowel  to  be 

read  with  it  should  be  indicated  by  its  position  (see  line  6). 

100.  Self  may  be  represented  by  the  s  circle  (see  line  7).  When 
self  is  followed  by  s,  as  in  selfsame,  self-satisfied,  or  self- 
sacrifice,  the  ses  circle  may  be  used  and  considered  as 
equivalent  to  the  s  circle  for  self  with  the  other  s  added 
to  it.  (See  the  first  word  in  line  15.  Note,  however, 
that  in  self-sacrifice  the  ses  circle  is  placed  on  the  under 
side  to  include  the  r  hook.  Sacrifice  would  be  written 
skr-f  s) . 

10 r.  Circum  or  Circums  may  be  represented  by  the  ses  circle 
.  (see  line  7). 

102.  Omissions. — R  is  always  omitted  before  kw.     Con  is  often 

omitted  when  the  remainder  of  the  word  seems  so  plain 
that  no  one  could  make  a  mistake  in  reading  it  (see  line  8). 

103.  Abbreviations. — The  familiar   abbreviations   are  used  for 

the  names  of  states,  cities,  months,  companies,  and 
for  other  words  which  have  familiar  abbreviations  (see 
lines  9,  10,  n). 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


"?---- 

T 

2 
3 

4     ^~~7  '  "          v— 7>       "  "    ~      s 

-b 

5 
6 

7 

8 

d... 

9  ^    ^     -     ^     V-A..A  *1/..S 

10 

11 

IS     ^         ^        L        / • 

^12    V-^/^         ^\       /_  _xs>        J       J 

is  r^ :.,  .\._  '  .^A     ---,  "t  ^   ^_ 

i5c..v-...!T:.      ->  _r  ^   t  ^  >^« 

-  ^-— -j^.-.-A 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  57 


KEY. 

1.  Consists,   composed,   accomplish,   accommodate,  recognize, 

communication,  comfort,  companion,  conclude, complaints. 

2.  Contradict,  contribution,  counteract,  controversy,  counter- 

feit,  countermand,  counterbalance,  counterpart,  contri- 
bute, contributor. 

3.  Magnetic,  magnitude,  magnificent,  magnetism,  magnified, 

magnesia, magnificently,  McPherson,  McBride,  MacGregor. 

4.  Engaged,  inclined,  include,  inconsistent,  inspection,  inquire, 

unrest,  unrefined,  instruct,  inspire. 

5.  Intellectual,  interest,  introduce,  enterprise,  entertain,  under- 

take, intelligently,  undervalue,  interfere,  understand. 

6.  Forget,  forthwith,  foreseen,  fortunate,  forewarned,  former, 

confirm,  conform,   reformation,  inform. 

7.  Selfish,    self-esteem,    self-denial,    self-evident,    self-control, 

self-respect,    self-defence,    circumlocution,    circumjacent, 
circumference. 

8.  Request,  requisite,  requiring,  confident,  consider,  concern- 

ing, condition,  contains,  circumstances,  circumscribe. 

9.  New  York,  N.  J.,  Mass.,  Miss.,  Pa.,  Phila.,  Balto.,  Cincinnati, 

Jan.,  Feb. 

10.  Oct.,  Dec.,  P.  R.  R.,  B.  &  O.  R.  R.,  W.  M.  R.  R.,  N.  C.  R.  R., 

D.  C.,  O.  K.,  business,  Supt. 

11.  Mr.  Mrs.,  Rev.,  Dr.,  Prof.,  Messrs.,  Misses,  P.  O.,  Express  Co., 

Express  Money  Order. 

12.  P.  O.  Money  Order,  endeavor,  recommend,  commerce,  con- 

tinue, continuance,  unselfish,  enact,  interruption,  Illinois. 

13.  Inability,  incomplete,  Nebraska,  accompanied,  concomitant, 

enjoyment,   require,   circumspect,   reconcile,   intermixed. 

14.  Inscription,  commit,  committee,  indicate,  circumvent,  insult, 

magnanimously,   incessant,  self-possessed,   decompose. 

15.  Self-sacrifice,  concern,  compound,  combined,  international, 

excellent,  instrument,  confidence,  Eng.,  P.  &  R.  R.  R. 


58  MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


READING  EXERCISE. 


WRITING  EXERCISE. 

DEAR-SIR: — 

In-reply  (to)  your-letter  which  is  just  at-hand,  beg  (to) 
say -that  we-can-not  for-a  moment  entertain  the  proposal  you- 
make  in-it.  Conversations  with  others  do-not  tend  to  confirm- 
the  statements  made  by-you  with-reference  (to  the)  amount  of 
coal  mined  on-the  property  in  question,  during-the  past  few 
years;  and  many  of-your-own  statements  seem  rather  contra- 
dictory. At-any-rate,  we-will-not -think  of  buying  at -the  pre- 
sent price. 

Regretting-that  we-can-be  of  no  service  to-you  in-this  con- 
nection, I-am, 

QUESTIONS. 

In  words  in  which  the  prefixes  are  used,  what  shows  the 
position,  and  what  vowel  is  indicated? 

What  is  used  for  self?  Contro?  Forth?  Under?  Magno? 
Circum?  Intel?  Counter?  For?  Con?  Me?  Un?  Enter?  Accom? 
In?  Contra?  Inter?  Cog?  En? 

For  what  are  familiar  abbreviations  used? 

What  is  m  used  for  ?  N?  K?  F?  N  half  length?  K  half  length? 
The  s  circle?  The  ses  circle? 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  59 

LESSON    IX.^SUFFIXES. 

1 04.  Ble,  Ely,  Bility,  or  Burg,  may  be  represented  by  b  (see  line  1 ) . 

105.  Inquish,  Inquent,  or  Inquency,  may  be  represented  by  ng 

(see  line  2). 

106.  For,  Forth,  Full,  or  Fully  may  be  represented  by  f ;  either 

the  hook  or  stroke  (see  line  2). 

107.  Ever  or  Ville  may  be  represented  byv;  either  the  hook  or 

stroke  (see  line  3). 

108.  Soever  maybe  represented  by  sv;  or  after  wh,by  sfr  (see 

line  3). 

109.  Ship,  Shal,  or  Shally,  may  be  represented  by  sh  (see  line  4). 

110.  Shent,  Shently,or  Shency,may  be  represented  by  sh  half 

length  with  the  n  hook  (see  line  5). 

111.  Ment,  Mental, or  Mentality, may  be  represented  by  m  half 

length  with  the  n  hook  (see  line  5). 

112.  Self  or  Fulness  may  be  represented  by  the  s  circle  (see  line  6). 

113.  Selves  or  Lessness  may  be  represented  by  the  ses  circle 

(see  line  6). 

114.  Ness  may  be  represented  by  the  ns  circle  (see  line  7). 

115.  Ed,  Al,  Ly,  Ally,  Ment,  or  Ing  may  sometimes  be  omitted 

from  the  end  of  words,  when  the  grammatical  construc- 
tion makes  it  plain  that  they  must  be  supplied  in  reading 
(see  lines  7  and  8). 

1 1 6.  A  letter  is  sometimes  left  out  if  the  word  is  plain  enough 

without  it   (see  line  9). 

117.  Lines  10  to  15  Inclusive  contain  a  number  of  wordsof  fre- 

quent occurrence,  which  are  more  or  less  abbreviated. 
A  few  other  words  of  similar  character  may  be  dealt  with 
in  the  same  way.  Practice  such  words  until  they  are 
very  familiar. 

118.  Make  Word-signs. — Whenever  the  name  of  a  person,  com 

pany,  or  place,  or  any  long  word  occurs  frequently  in  your 
line  of  business,  or  in  the  same  letter,  write  it  in  full  the 
first  time  or  two,  and  thereafter  use  as  a  word  sign  for 
it  the  first  two  consonant  strokes  with  their  hooks,  or 
some  other  part  of  the  outline  which,  by  its  sound  when 
pronounced,  will  suggest  the  word.  There  are  many 
words  peculiar  to  every  line  of  business,  for  which  the 
intelligent  stenographer  will  soon  form  signs  in  this  way. 


6o 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


A, 


P    _v~t _ _v>__         V    ?     /^    \       V 


...V...1.) 

0        «/ 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


v_ 


<T-i 

1 


/ 


/ 


~-  .....  K-  .....  .....  -^-  ......  -X  -J-^  A 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  61 

KEY. 

1.  Profitable,   suitable,   trouble,   sensible,   forcibly,   disability, 

responsibility,  feasibility,  Harrisburg,  Martinsburg. 

2.  Relinquish,  delinquent,  therefore,  henceforth,  careful,  law- 

ful, successful,  plentiful,  regretfully,  truthful. 

3.  Whatever,     whichever,     whenever,     whoever,     Catonsville, 

whomsoever,  wheresoever,  whensoever,  Louisville,  what- 
soever. 

4.  Partnership,   friendship,   hardships,   substantial,   social,   es- 

pecially, influential,  commercial,  officially,  artificial. 

5.  Sufficient,  insufficient,  fundamental,  inefficiency,  deficiency, 

proficient,  instrumentality,  ornamental,  detrimental,  pos- 
sible. 

6.  Himself,   itself,   yourself,   thoughtfulness,   carefulness,  use- 

fulness,  ourselves,  themselves,  restlessness,  fearlessness. 

7.  Feebleness,    fairness,  smallness,  goodness,  directness,  kind- 

ness, accommodate  -d,  provision  -al  -ly,  condition  -al  -ly, 
adjourn-ment. 

8.  Depart  -ed  -ment,  affirmative  -ly,  do  -ing,  hav  -ing,  think 

-ing,  construction,  instruction,  intention,  mention,  resig- 
nation. 

9.  Institution,    resurrection,     indebtedness,    probable,    after- 

wards, upward,  postal-card,  post -pone,  inhabitant,  manu- 
facture. 

10.  Add,  admit,  advise,  (ce),  addition,  address,  attend,  attention, 

apparatus,  apparent,  afford. 

11.  Afternoon,  forenoon,  enough,  meanwhile,* convenient,  some- 

what, something,  sometime,  release,  earnest. 

12.  End,  again,  act,  value,  among,  occasion,  into,  unto,  unusual, 

territory. 

13.  Read,  write,  order,  almost,  largest,  whose,  times,  advantages, 

dollars,  longest. 

14.  Allow,  allusion,  aggregate,  out-lay,  out-put,  hopeless,  obviate, 

taken,  remnants,  remonstrate. 

15.  Early,  Oysters,  option,  arrangements,  indifferent,  unsalable 

occurrence,  once,  imagine,  immense. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


WORD-SIGNS. 


^ 

'1.  Yours  etc. 

J 

xf 

1.  Yours  truly. 

I 

^ 

1.  yours  very  truly. 

I 

- 

1.  very    truly,     of    it. 
2.    have  had,  have  it. 

i 

V 

1.  very  truly  yours. 

i 

L> 

1.  truly  yours. 

j. 

^ 

1.  respectfully. 

j, 

A 

1.  yours  respectfully. 

u_ 

A 

1.  yours  very  respectfully. 

L 

"X 

1.  very  respectfully. 

, 

V 

1.  very  respectfully  yours. 

1 

^ 

1.  sincerely  yours. 

r 

•*- 

1.  yours  sincerely. 

p 

^ 

1.  your  obedient  servant. 

F 

<S 

1.  your  humble  servant. 

\ 

3.  at  once. 


3.  at  first. 


1.  at  least.     3.  at  last. 


3.  at  any  rate. 


3.  at  all  events. 

2.  at    the    same    time. 
3.     at  some  time. 

1.  it  is  meant.  2.  what 
is  meant.  3.  it  was 
meant. 

1.  it  can  only.  2.  what 
can  only. 

1.  it   is   only,    it   is   in   all. 

2.  it     has     only. 

3.  it  was  only. 

2.  had  had,  had  it. 


3.  during  it. 


2.  as  had,  has  had. 


1.  said  it.     2.  has  had  it. 


1.  is  said.  2.  as  said,  has 
said.  3.  was  said. 

1 .  be  able  to,  being  able  to, 
been  able  to.  3.  to 
be  able  to. 


Other  word-signs  on  pages  14,  34,  42,  52,  and  53. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


READING  EXERCISE. 


^_  c,  ^     v 

~1T"                      -  j_ 

2-*Ti    -            -  _,/£  . 

J-^                        ^~^       V_x-               \                        J 

<  x 
^..     ...!.^ 

o    C     \      j               —  L-   --  <,  --A> 

,       T 

..<!o.x.^i  o. 

•--x^  --•--•                *^ 

^..^  ?..-.3....-^.. 

WRITING  EXERCISE. 

GENTLEMEN:  — 

We  beg  to  confirm  telegram  sent  -you  this  morning  announc- 
ing-the  election  of  John  Smith  as  president  and  general  manager 
of  -the  Maryland  and  Virginia  Railroad.  Mr.  Smith  is-a  man 
of  marked  business  ability  and  is  very  popular  in  Virginia,  where 
his  great  grandfather  figured  prominently  in-an  affair  which 
made-the  name  of  Pocohontas  immortal. 

It-is  thought-that-the  stock  of-the  company  will  rise  in 
value  rapidly  and  we-would-advise  that  -you  buy  as  much  of-it 
as  you-can  at  present  prices. 

Very  -respectfully-y  ours, 

QUESTIONS. 

What  is  used  for  mentality?  Burg?  Fully?  Shency?  Fulness? 
Ever?  Ness?  Bility?  For?  Soever?  Mental?  Selves?  Shal?  Ely? 
Inquency?  Shently?  Ful?  Ship?  Lessness?  Inquent?  Self? 


What  is  v  used  for?  F?  B?  Sh?  The  s  circle?  The  ses 
circle?  The  ns  circle?  Ng?  Sv?  Sh  half  length  with  the  n 
hook?  M  half  length  with  the  n  hook? 

What  syllables  are  sometimes  omitted,  and  when? 
For  what  and  how  should  word  -signs  be  formed? 


64  MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  X.— FIGURES  -  VOCALIZING. 

119.  Figures.     P  is  used  for  i,  ch  for  2,  r  for  3,  f  for  4,  v  for  5, 

k  for  6,  sh  for  7,  t  for  8,  and  n  for  9.  The  n  hook  is  used 
for  teen ;  the  s  circle  for  cipher ;  the  ses  circle  for  hundred ; 
m  for  thousand ;  1  for  million,  and  b  for  billion.  Numbers 
can  be  represented  very  much  more  rapidly  with  these 
characters  than  with  ordinary  figures,  and  since  they  are 
easily  learned,  no  one  should  neglect  them. 

120.  Cipher.     Wherever  two  straight  letters  having  the  same 

slant  come  together,  the  s  circle  is  used  between  them 
as  in  22,  33,  66,  and  88  (see  lines  8  and  9.)  The  s  circle 
may  also  be  used  in  this  way  between  other  figures 
where  it  makes  them  more  distinct,  as  in  58  and  46. 
This  use  of  the  s  circle  necessitates  the  use  of  the  ses 
circle  wherever  a  cipher  occurs  between  two  other  figures, 
as  in  106  and  309  (see  line  13). 

121.  Hundred.     After  the  n  hook  which  is  used  for  teen,  the 

ses  circle  cannot  be  used  for  hundred,  and  in  such  cases 
a  word-sign,  n  half  length  in  the  third  position,  may 
be  used  for  hundred;  as  in  1700  (see  line  15). 

122.  Thousand,  Million,  Billion.     The  sign  m  is  only  used  when 

the  number  ends  in  thousand,  and  the  same  principle 
applies  to  1  for  million,  and  b  for  billion.  The  figures 
representing  units,  tens,  and  hundreds,  are  joined  together 
as  in  513  or  983  (see  line  13).  If  a  figure  consists  of 
a  number  of  thousands,  and  a  number  of  hundreds, 
tens  and  units,  the  figures  representing  thousands  are 
written  joined  together,  then  a  space  of  about  a  fourth 
of  an  inch  is  left,  followed  by  the  hundreds,  tens  and 
units  joined  together;  as  in  2,342,  and  25,918  (see  line  15). 
In  a  number  containing  millions,  thousands,  hundreds, 
tens,  and  units,  the  figures  representing  millions  would 
be  joined,  then  a  space  left;  the  figures  representing 
thousands  joined,  and  a  space  left;  then  the  remainder 
of  the  figures  joined.  With  larger  numbers  the  same 
principle  is  used. 

123.  Four  Figures.     Numbers  consisting  of  four  figures,   and 

read  a  number  of  hundred  and  something,  as  eighteen 
hundred  and  ninety-two,  may  be  written  all  joined 
together;  or  where  it  will  not  join  easily,  the  number  of 
hundred  may  be  written  separately  with  the  rest  of  the 
number  close  to  it ;  as  in  fourteen  hundred  and  ninety-two 
(see  line  15). 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  65 

124.  Instant.     Instant  is  added  to  figures  represented  by  straight 

letters,  by  the  nst  loop;  to  curved  strokes  by  simply  the 
st  loop,  and  after  teen  by  the  n  stroke  with  the  st  loop 
(see  lines  10,  11,  12). 

125.  Ultimo,  Proximo.     Ult.  is    represented  by  1  half   length, 

and  prox.  by  prx  (see  line  1 3) . 

1 2(>.  Fractions.  When  the  numerator  is  one  it  should  be  omitted 
and  the  denominator  should  be  written  in  the  fourth 
position.  In  writing  mixed  numbers,  a  space  should  be 
left  between  the  whole  number  and  the  fraction  (see 
line  14). 

127.  Ordinals.  In  writing  ordinals  simply  the  figure  is  written, 
as  the  th  can  readily  be  supplied  in  reading  (see  line  15). 

12$.  Dollars  and  Cents.  In  writing  amounts  consisting  of  both 
dollars  and  cents,  the  words  dollars  and  cents  may  be 
omitted,  and  the  omission  indicated  by  simply  leaving 
a  space  between  the  figures  representing  dollars  and 
those  representing  cents.  But  if  the  amount  is  all 
dollars  or  all  cents,  the  word  designating  which,  should 
follow  it. 

129.  The  only  hook  used  in  the  figures  is  the  n  hook  for  teen. 

130.  Writing   the    Vowels.     Because    the    vowels    are    so    well 

represented  by  writing  the  consonants  in  the  three 
positions  learned  in  the  second  lesson,  it  is  very  seldom 
necessary  to  write  any  vowel  in  a  word,  except  that 
when  a  word  begins  with  a  vowel  that  vowel  is  frequently 
written.  When  it  is  necessary  to  write  other  vowels, 
if  the  vowel  is  to  be  read  before  the  letter,  it  should  be 
written  to  the  left  of  the  '?tters  which  are  written  up 
or  down,  and  above  horizontal  letters.  If  the  vowel 
is  to  be  read  after  the  letter,  it  should  be  written  to  the 
right  of  letters  which  are  written  up  or  down  and  under 
horizontal  letters,  When  a  vowel  is  to  be  read  between 
a  letter  and  a  hook  which  is  formed  on  it,  the  vowel 
should  be  written  in  the  most  convenient  position,  close 
to  where  the  letter  and  hook  join. 


66 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


\ 


V, 


y 
v 

A 


L 


-A 


v, 

V. 
Co 


\ 


_D 


4 


J 


J 


Jr 


-A 


j 


b 

U 
k 


L 


L 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  67 


KEY. 

1.  One,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9. 

2.  Eleven,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18,  19. 

3.  Ten,  20,  30,  40,  50,  60,  70,  80,  90. 

4.  One  hundred,  200,  300,  400,  500,  600,  700,  800,  900. 

5.  One  thousand,  two  thousand,  three  thousand,  four  thousand, 

five  thousand,  six  thousand,  seven  thousand,  eight  thou- 
sand, nine  thousand. 

6.  One  million,  two  million,  three  million,  four  million,  five 

million,    six   million,    seven   million,    eight   million,    nine 
million. 

7.  One  billion,  two  billion,  three  billion,  four  billion,  five  billion, 

six  billion,  seven  billion,  eight  billion,  nine  billion. 

8.  Twenty -one,  22,  23,  24,  25,  26,  27,  28,  29. 

9.  Thirty-one,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  38,  39. 

10.  First  instant,  2nd  inst.,  3rd  inst.,  4th  inst.,  5th  inst.,  6th  inst., 

7th  inst.,  8th  inst.,  9th  inst. 

11.  Eleventh  instant,  12th  inst.,  13th  inst.,  14th  inst.,  15th  inst., 

16th  inst.,  17th  inst.,  18th  inst.,  19th  inst. 

12.  Twenty-first  instant,  22nd  inst.,  23rd  inst.,  24th  inst.,  25th 

inst.,  26th  inst.,  27th  inst.,  28th  inst.,  29th  inst. 

13.  Tenth  instant,  20th  inst.,  18th  ult. ,10th  prox.,  480,  513,  106, 

309,  983. 

14.  One-half,  i,  £,  j,  f,  5f,  2£,  5i,  7§. 

15.  Fifteenth,  6th,  2,342—  25,918—  5,000,408—  68,215,—  61 1  — 

1700—  1492. 


68  MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


ALPHABETIC    LIST    OF    AMANUENSIS     WORD-SIGNS. 

When  you  have  learned  all  of  the  word-signs  on  pages  14, 
34,  42,  52,  53  and  62  practice  writing  this  list  of  words.  There 
is  a  word-sign  for  each  of  them,  and  you  should  practice  them 
until  you  can  write  the  entire  list  in  less  than  ten  minutes,  and 
then  read  the  entire  list  backward  from  your  shorthand  notes 
within  the  same  length  of  time. 

If  you  want  to  know  whether  or  not  you  should  know  a 
word-sign  for  any  word,  you  can  ascertain  by  reading  over  the 
words  in  this  list  which  begin  with  the  same  letter  as  the  word 
you  wish  to  know  about. 

A.— A,  as,  an,  all,  already,  also,  always,  and,  away,  at,  advantage, 
are,  am,  any,  along,  allow,  another,  apply,  appear,  able 
to,  acknowledge,  above,  attention,  advance-d-ment,  ad- 
vertise-d-ing-ment,  again,  arrange-d-ment,  alone,  apt, 
about,  astonish-ed-ment,  after,  applied,  accept,  ability, 
accord-ing-ly,  agent,  account,  around,  amount,  ac- 
quaint-ed-ance,  assure,  at  hand,  and  contents  noted,  and 
contents  carefully  noted,  and  note  contents,  as  his,  as  is, 
as  it,  and  company,  at  once,  at  first,  at  least,  at  last,  at 
any  rate,  at  all  events,  at  the  same  time,  at  some  time, 
as  had,  as  said,  and  oblige. 

B. — But,  before,  beyond,  being,  behind,  been,  business,  between, 
body,  by  return  mail,  but  would,  be  able  to,  being  able  to, 
been  able  to. 

C. — County,  company,  came,  come,  can,  common,  comply, 
compel,  city,  complied,  complete,  compelled,  certain-ly, 
cannot,  commence,  consider,  collect  this,  C.  O.  D. 

D. — Dollar,  deliver-y-ed,  difficult-y,  differ-ent-ly-ence,  duplicate, 
department,  duty,  do  it,  Dear  Sir,  during  it. 

E. — Effect,  each,  ever,  every,  either,  ease-y,  equal-ly,  enclose- 
ing,  even,  east,  establish-ed-ment,  expect,  except,.  Ex- 
press Co.,  Express  Money  Order,  etc. 

F. — For,  fact,  favor,  from,  feature,  future,  forward-ed,  frequent- 
ly-cy,  F.  O.  B. 

G. — Give-n,    gave,    general-ly,    gentlemen,    govern-ed-ment-or. 

H. — His,  has,  hand,  here,  help,  hope,  had,  her,  him,  heretofore, 
have,  however,  happen-ed,  had  had,  had  it,  hundred, 
hereafter,  half,  hour,  head,  herewith  enclose-d,  herewith 
hand  you,  hear  from  you,  his  is,  his  has,  has  it,  have  had, 
have  it,  has  had,  has  had  it,  has  said. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  69 

I. — I,  is,  it,  in,  important-ce,  improve-d-ment,  if,  issue,  imme- 
diate-ly,  impossible,  influence,  information,  I  am  in 
receipt  of,  I  am  just  in  receipt  of,  in  reply,  in  reply  to, 
it  was,  in  reference  to,  is  his,  is  as,  is  it,  it  is  meant,  it 
was  meant,  it  can  only,  it  is  only,  it  is  in  all,  it  has  only, 
it  was  only,  is  said. 

L. — Large,  language,  long-er,  little. 

M. — Much,  many,  make,  move-d-ment,  moreover,  member, 
Mr.  measure,  My  Dear  Sir. 

N. — Never,  nothing,  next,  not,  nature-d,  number-ed,  neces- 
sary-ity. 

0. — Of,  or,  ought,  one,  out,  oblige,  our,  own,  over,  other,  only, 
opinion,  office,  often,  offer,  old,  opportunity,  object,  open, 
on,  owe,  ought  to  have,  of  it. 

P. — Principle-al-ly,  pleasure,  particular-ly,  please  acknowledge, 
per  annum,  Post  Office  Money  Order. 

Q. — Quite,  question,  quantity,  quarter-ly. 

R. — Remember,  receive-d,  receipt,  remittance,  request-ed-ing, 
remark-ed-able-ably,  respectfully. 

S. — Should,  ship-ped-ment,  shall,  subject,  satisfy -ed-actory, 
sweet,  settlement,  spirit,  surely,  sincerely  yours,  said  it. 

T. — The,  to,  too,  to  be,  time,  take,  to-day,  together,  thing, 
think,  thank,  them,  thorough,  truth,  typewriter,  to-mor- 
row, thought,  that,  toward,  took,  to  do,  truly  yours,  to 
be  able  to,  to  hand. 

U. — Up,  usual-ly,  us,  use,  until,  unless,  under,  used,  upon, 
United  States. 

V. — Very,  very  much,  very  truly,  very  truly  yours,  very  respect- 
fully, very  respectfully  .yours. 

W. — Was,  why,  where,  when,  who,  whom,  with,  were,  would, 
what,  which,  well,  will,  while,  within,  without,  wild, 
world,  water,  wish-ed,  We  are  in  receipt  of,  We  are  just  in 
receipt  of,  whether  or  not,  with  reference  to,  was  his, 
was  as,  was  it,  we  would,  we  are  obliged,  we  are  very 
much  obliged,  what  is  meant,  what  can  only,  was  said. 

Y. — You,  year,  yet,  yes,  young,  your,  your  letter,  your  order, 
your  favor,  your  communication,  your  esteemed  favor, 
your  esteemed  order,  you  would,  you  will  oblige,  yours 
etc.,  yours  truly  yours  very  truly,  your  respectfully, 
yours  very  respectfully,  yours  sincerely,  your  obedient 
servant,  your  humble  servant. 


70  MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 

SHORTHAND  PUNCTUATION. 

131.  Period,  Colon,  Semi-colon,  Comma.     Ordinarily  no  punc- 

tuation marks  are  written  in  shorthand,  but  in  all  matter 
that  is  taken  from  dictation,  the  pauses  in  the  speaker's 
voice  should  be  indicated,  as  this  will  be  an  invaluable 
guide  toward  the  sense  of  the  matter  and  its  proper 
punctuation  when  transcribed.  When  there  is  a  full 
stop,  as  at  the  end  of  a  sentence,  the  line  should  be  left 
blank  for  the  space  of  at  least  an  inch.  When  there  is 
a  lesser  pause  in  the  voice  or  sense,  as  at  a  comma,  semi- 
colon or  colon,  the  space  of  half  an  inch  should  be  left 
before  the  next  word  is  written.  Well  written  shorthand 
in  which  these  pauses  are  indicated  in  this  way  can 
be  read  years  afterward  just  as  well  as  the  day  it  was 
written,  but  poorly  written  shorthand  in  which  the 
pauses  are  not  indicated,  can  usually  scarcely  be  read 
the  day  it  is  written.  For  example  illustrating  this 
method  of  punctuation,  see  the  letters  in  shorthand  on 
pages  72  to  89  inclusive. 

132.  Interrogation  Point.     Between  a  question  and  its  answer 

a  line  about  like  ch  double  length  is  used. 

133.  A  dash  is  represented  by  a  waved  line. 

134.  Parentheses    and    Brackets.     Marks    of    parentheses    and 

brackets  are  formed  with  waved  lines,  so  as  not  to  con- 
flict with  shorthand  characters. 

135.  Quotation  Marks.     When  it  is  necessary  to  use  quotation 

marks,  the  ordinary  quotation  marks  may  be  used. 

136.  Repetitions.     It  will  sometimes  occur  that  a  whole  sentence, 

or  several  words  of  a  sentence  are  repeated,  and  in  cases 
of  this  kind  the  stenographer  should  simply  write  the 
first  two  or  three  words  of  the  repeated  part,  then  use 
a  waved  line  to  represent  the  remainder  of  it. 

137.  Success.     When    the    student    has    learned    the    lessons 

thoroughly  his  success  will  depend  very  largely  upon  his 
making  neat  characters,  of  correct  proportionate  length; 
placing  them  close  together,  so  that  as  much  as  possible 
can  be  gotten  on  each  line,  thus  avoiding  loss  of  time  in 
crossing  the  page  to  begin  new  lines;  and  spacing  as 
above  directed  to  indicate  what  words  are  connected 
in  sense. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  71 


READING  SHORTHAND. 

Read  everything  you  write  at  least  two  or  three  times. 
The  second  and  third  readings  will  take  but  little  time,  and  will 
help  you  a  great  deal,  by  making  you  familiar  with  the  appear- 
ance of  the  words  in  shorthand  so  that  you  will  recognize  them 
quickly  whenever  you  see  them,  thus  increasing  your  ability 
to  read  your  notes  at  sight.  As  you  read,  whenever  you  come 
to  a  character  that  is  not  formed  correctly,  cross  it  out  and 
write  it  over;  or  if  you  notice,  as  you  often  will,  that  you  have 
not  used  the  best  outline,  or  have  not  phrased  where  you  should 
have  done  so,  make  the  correction  and  practice  the  proper 
outline  several  times,  so  that  when  you  have  occasion  to  use  it 
again,  it  will  be  familiar. 

In  transcribing  your  notes,  you  should  always  read  a 
complete  sentence  in  order  to  get  the  sense  before  beginning  to 
write,  and  if  you  come  to  words  that  you  cannot  make  out, 
you  should  read  the  rest  of  the  sentence  or  letter  and  when  you 
have  gotten  the  sense  of  what  follows,  it  will  be  easier  for  you 
to  determine  what  they  are.  In  reading,  always  think  of  the 
sense,  and  if  there  is  only  one  word  which  you  cannot  make  out, 
you  can  usually  supply  a  word  which  will  make  sense,  and 
by  thinking  over  the  different  words  which  would  make  sense 
in  any  connection,  you  will  almost  always  find  that  you  have 
the  outline  for  one  of  them. 

Outlines  that  will  not  spell  a  word  and  make  sense  are  often 
word-signs,  so  the  first  question  when  you  come  to  a  character 
you  cannot  read  should  be — what  is  it  a  word-sign  for? 

A  rule  for  reading  when  everything  else  has  failed,  is  to 
suppose  if  a  character  is  light  that  it  should  have  been  shaded, 
and  try  to  spell  it  in  that  way,  or  to  suppose  it  should  have  been 
half  length,  and  try  to  spell  it,  or  that  the  hook  or  circle  is  the 
wrong  size  or  on  the  wrong  side ;  but  it  is  a  hundred  times  better 
to  learn  to  form  your  characters  so  correctly  that  you  will  be 
able  to  read  them  just  like  print,  and  will  not  have  to  suppose 
that  you  made  mistakes  in  order  to  be  able  to  read  your  writing. 

Students  while  learning,  and  stenographers  anxious  to 
increase  their  speed,  will  derive  very  great  assistance,  by  think- 
ing of  the  shorthand  outlines  for  all  of  the  words,  whenever  they 
are  listening  to  conversation,  or  by  picturing  in  their  minds 
what  each  word  would  look  like  whenever  reading  print. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


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MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  73 

DEAR-SIR: — 

Your-esteemed -favor  (of  the)  27th  to-hand,  with  check 
enclosed  for  $50.00  which  we  place  (to  the)  credit  of -your  account. 
Please  accept  our  thanks  for-same. 

Very-truly-yours, 


DEAR-SIR: — 

Presuming  that-you-are  at-this-time  preparing  (to)  make 
repairs  at-your  institution,  and-not  knowing  whether-you-will 
require  anything  in-our-line  or-not,  we  kindly  ask-you  (to) 
give-us  the-information  inquired  for  on  attached  reply  card 
and-return  to-us. 

Thanking-you  for-the  favor,  we-are, 
Very -respectfully, 


MY-DEAR-SIR: — 

There-is-no  material  as  yet  made  public  (of  the)  results 
(of  the)  committee  (of)  fifty,  and-it-is  quite  uncertain  how  long 
it-may-be  before  we-have  anything  (to)  offer-you.  I-shall-be- 
glad  if-at-some  future  time  we-can  communicate  anything  which- 
may  interest-you. 

Yours-very-truly , 


GENTLEMEN: — 

In  September  we  received  from-you  some  circulars  relating 
(to  the)  educational  use  (of  the)  typewriter.  I  write-you  at-this 
late  date  simply  (to)  express  my  interest  in-the  movement 
which-you  describe  and  (to)  say -that  I -have-known  many  in- 
stances in-which  childien  have  learned  (to)  read  and  spell  by 
copying  on-the  typewriter  the-exercises  given  in-their  books. 
I-believe-that-the  educational  use  (of  the)  typewriter  has-a 
future  before  it. 

Very-respectfully-yours, 


74 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


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MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  75 

DEAR-SIR: — 

Yours  (of  the)  19th-inst.  in-relation  (to  the)  Loan  (to  the) 
Raleigh  Paper  Co.,  has-been  received,  and  would-have-been 
answered  earlier  but  for  absence  (from  the)  city. 

We-have  laid  the-matter  before  capitalists  here,  who  decline 
to  make-the  loan.  We-regret-that  we-could-not  meet  your 
wishes  in-this-matter. 

Yours-truly, 


DEAR-SIR: — 

I-have  just  found-the  enclosed  letter  from  Mr.  Bateman, 
which  was  delivered  at  my  brother's  office  by  mistake. 

I-do-not-know  anything  about-the  matter  he  refers  to, 
but-if  he  has  really  rendered  services  he  should,  of  course,  be 
paid  for-them.  Please  let  me  know  what-you-know  about-the 
matters  contained  in-his  letter. 

Yours-truly, 


GENTLEMEN: — 

Referring  (to  the)  attached  claims,  we-return  all  papers 
herewith  and  most  respectfully  decline  same.  Investigation 
shows  that-the  grain  came  through  from  original  point  (of) 
shipment  in-the-same  cars  in-which-it  was  loaded;  if-there-was 
wheat  in-the  bottom  (of  the)  cars  (of)  oats  it-must-have-been 
loaded  so,  or-have-been-there  when  loaded  by-the  shippers. 

You-will-notice-that  certificates  (of)  inspection  herewith 
attached  show  no  wheat. 

We-cannot   entertain-the   claim   as  we-are-not  responsible 
for-the  mixing,  on  account  (of)  the  cars  having  come  through 
as  originally  loaded  and  in  original  cars. 
Truly-yours, 


76 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


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MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  77 


GENTLEMEN: — 

Enclosed    please-find    check     in    settlement    (of)    account. 

Please  do-us  the-kindness  (to)  let-us-have  our  samples  without 

delay;  also  have  goods  on  spring  order  as  early  in  January  as- 

you  possibly  can,  or  at -least  a  part  of-them,  and-greatly-oblige, 

Yours-etc., 


DEAR-SIR: — 

Some-time  ago  I  sent-you  a  statement  (of  the)  balance  due 
on  your  note  in-favor  (of  the)  Empire  Drill  Co.  Can-you  not 
pay  me  that  little  balance,  and  wipe  that  note  out-of  existence? 

I  assure-you,  you -would  confer-a  favor  on  me  by  doing-so, 
and  would-not-only  save  me-the  time  of  writing,  but  also  your- 
self the  annoyance  (of)  receiving  letters  relative  to  it. 

Kindly  attend  to  this  and-oblige, 

Yours-respectfully, 


DEAR-SIR: — 

Rate  on  H.  H.  goods  to  Laurens,  Miss. 

In-reply-to  yours  (of)  even  date,  beg  (to)  name-you  rate  on 
H.  H.  goods  C.  L.  and  less  St.  Louis  to  above  point  $1.39  per  hun- 
dred, if  taken  at  owner's  risk;  $5.00  per  hundred  valuation  in 
case  of  total  loss. 

We  present-the  shortest  line  and-will  give  attention  to  such 
shipments  as-you  may  favor-us  with.  We-hope  (to)  hear-from- 
you  in-the-future. 

Please-advise  if-this  rate  is  accepted,  and  date  of  shipment 
so  we-can-have  same  protected. 

Yours-truly, 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


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MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  79 


DEAR-SIR: — 

We  duly  received  your-favor  (of  the)  4th-instant,  and-in- 
reply  beg  (to)  thank-you  for  your  offer  (to)  furnish-us  supplies, 
but  as  we  already-have  arrangements  existing  for-all-the  sup- 
plies we-can  use,  we-are  unable-to  avail  ourselves  of-your  ser- 
vices at-present. 

Very -respectfully, 


DEAR-SIR: — 

Your-favor  (of  the)  18th-instant  was  received  on  my  return 
here.  I-will  take  up-the  question  (of  the)  liabilities  of-the  Dan- 
ville Road  with-the  counsel  (of  the)  receivers,  and  try  (to) 
convince  him  that -the  claims  should-be  paid.  I-expect,  however, 
that  he-will  require  me  to  proceed  by  filing-a  petition  in-the 
Court  and-have-the  question  argued  and-determined  by-the 
Judge.  Please-advise  me  whether-you  wish  me  to  proceed 
in-that  manner  if  necessary.. 

Very-respectfully, 


DEAR-SIR: — 

We-sent-you  credit  bill  for  37  hose,  thinking-you  had  just 
received  the-goods.  Upon  investigation  we-find-you  purchased 
the-goods  in  January.  They  do-not  color  the  feet  as  you-state. 
If -the  black  fades  we-are-not  responsible;  we-do-not  dye-the 
goods. 

We-think-you  ought  to  know  better-than  (to)  return  a  lot 
of  hose  all  broken  up.     We  positively  refuse  to  accept-the  goods 
and  ask-for  remittance  for  amount  due. 
Yours-truly, 


8o 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


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MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  81 


DEAR-SIR: — 

I  sent -you  our  order  for  two  cars  (of)  lumber  on-the  19th, 
and-have  heard  nothing  from-you  as  yet.  What  is-the  matter? 
Let  me  hear-from-you  by-return-mail,  and  you-will-oblige  me 
very -much. 

Yours-truly, 


DEAR-SIR: — 

We-have  both-the  £  and  f  moulding  and-will  hold  the- 
same  for  your-order.  As  near  as  I-can  find  out  the  demur- 
rage charged  on  car  to  Concord,  Pa.,  was  charged  at  Driftwood. 
Have  made  inquiry  on-what  grounds  the  charge  was  made; 
have-not  yet  heard.  The-billing  agent  at  Driftwood  would 
hardly  charge  $5.00  for  telegraph'ng  here,  to  know  where  Con- 
cord, Pa.,  was. 

Yours-truly, 


GENTLEMEN: — 

Enclosed  we-send-you  our  latest  circular  and-price-list 
of-our  improved  Sewing  Machines. 

We-will  make-you  a  special  discount  from  this  price-list, 
of  $4.50  per  machine,  cash  with  order;  machines  delivered  on 
cars  here  with  attachments.  Our  machines  are  of  superior 
workmanship,  finely  adjusted,  first-class  in  every  respect. 

We  warrant  every  machine  for  five  years. 

We-shall-be-pleased    to-have    your    trade,    and-will    give 
your-orders  our  prompt  attention. 
Yours-truly, 


82 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


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MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  83 


DEAR-SIR:— 

Your-favor  (of  the)  7th  is  received,  and  I-will  say  in-reply 
that  we-shall-be  ready  (to)  make  shipment  in-a  few  days,  when 
your-order  will  receive  our  prompt  attention.  We  guarantee 
our  goods  to-be  exactly  as  we  represent  them. 

Soliciting  your  future  orders,  we-are, 
Respectfully-yours, 


GENTLEMEN: — 

Will-you  be  kind  enough  to  call  and  see  Mr.  Rogan  of-your 
place  and  examine  the-glass  in  some  windows  bought  of-us, 
and-furnish-us  with-the  size  and  number  (of  the)  glass  that-are 
single  strength.  It-seems  there-is  some  mistake;  his  order 
called  for  double  strength,  and  we-wish  to  correct  any  error 
that-has-been-made.  Please  let-us-know  how  much  it-will  cost 
to-have  them  re-glazed,  and-oblige, 

Very-truly-yours, 


DEAR-SIR: — 

We-are-in-receipt  (of)  yours  (of  the)  9th,  enclosing  bill-of- 
lading  and  expense  bill.  We-find  that-you-have-been  over- 
charged on  same.  By  referring  (to)  shipment  (of)  Sept.  6th, 
you -will-notice  that-the  rate,  over  this  road,  is  $1.13  per  hundred 
pounds.  You-had  better  make  claim  for-the  difference  in  freight 
which  amounts  to  about  $4.52.  Enclosed  find  papers,  which  we- 
return  to-you  so-that-you  can  make  claim  from  your  end  of-the 
road. 

Yours-respectfully, 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


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MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  85 


DEAR-SIR: — 

Your-favor  (of)  Oct.  27th  is  at-hand.  In-reply  will  say 
we-will  charter  you  three  passenger  coaches  to  run  (to)  St. 
Louis  and-return  on-the  occasion  of-the  St.  Louis  Fair  at-the 
rate  of  $225.00  per  coach  for-the  round  trip.  These  coaches 
will-be  limited  to  sixty  passengers  each,  and  no  passengers  are 
to-be  taken  on  en  route. 

Yours-very -truly , 


DEAR-SIR: — 

Will-you  kindly  favor  me  with-a  pass,  New-York  to  Buffalo 
and-return,  in-favor  of  J.  B.  Maynard?  Mr.  Maynard  is-an 
employee  of -this  department,  and-the  favor  will-be  gladly 
reciprocated  by  me.  Kindly  limit  pass  sixty  days  from  Dec.  1st, 
and-oblige, 

Yours-very -truly , 


DEAR-SIR: — 

Enclosed  I-hand-you  the-return  portion  of  two  round  trip 
tickets,  form  "B  2,  No.  12,947",  belonging  (to)  Mr.  John  L. 
Mason,  of-this-city.  You-will-notice  that-the  eastern  portion 
(of  the)  tickets  has-been  extended  until  April  1st,  and  I-will  be 
very -much-obliged  if-you-will  extend  your  coupons  to-the  same 
date  and-forward-the  tickets  (to)  Mr.  Mason,  1927  California 
Ave.,  San  Francisco.  By  doing-this  you-will-very -much-oblige, 
Yours-very-truly , 


86 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


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MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  87 


DEAR-SIR: — 

Yours  (of  the)  19th  just  received  this  morning.  We  wired  - 
you  the  seed  was-not  what  we  bought,  and  we-would-not  receive 
it.  The  seed  is  still  in  St.  Louis  on  track  subject  to  your-order. 
We-cnn-not  understand  why-you  insist  on-our  accepting-the 
seed.  We-have  twice  written-you  the-reason,  and  also  wired- 
you  at-once,  as-soon-as  we  found-the  seed  was-not  what  we 
ordered,  being  irregular  in  quality,  and  badly  mixed  with  clover 
and  timothy.  There-is  some  seed  in-the  lot  that-is  poorer-than- 
the  five  sack  lot  of  off-seed  you-sent-us.  We  again  say  we- 
can-not  accept  this  lot  of  seed. 

Yours-truly, 


DEAR-SIR: — 

•The-matter  (of)  collection  (of)  past  due  notes  and  balances 
due  on-your  territory  is-an  important  matter  to-us.  It-is  im- 
portant on-all  other  territories  as-well-as  your-own,  and-it-is-a 
matter  that  we-are  going  (to)  watch  very  closely  in-order  (to) 
know  just  what  each  traveler  accomplishes  in-the  way  of 
collections  on-his  territory.  The  profits  are  so  slight  in-the 
business  now  that  we-must  put  more-than  ordinary  efforts  on-our 
collections.  We-shall  judge  a  man's  worth  as-much  by-his 
collections  as  by-the  number  (of)  machines  he  sells.  We  want- 
you  to  kindly  bear  in  mind  that  this-matter  is  most  important 
and  we  request  that-you  give-it  your  very  best  attention. 

Yours-truly, 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


•c 


V 


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J 


c    . 


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7  V 


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U-—  x 


y 


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A 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND.  89 


DEAR-SIR: — 

Yours  at-hand  and-contents-noted.  Enclosed  you-will-find 
my  wholesale  price-list  and  discount  sheet,  which  I-trust  will 
prove  satisfactory.  I  send-you  my  illustrated  catalogue  in 
another  enclosure. 

I-am  prepared  to  ship  promptly,  and-will  give-you  work 
that-will  meet  every  demand  of-your  trade. 

Let  me  hear-from-you  and-oblige, 

Respectfully-yours, 


DEAR-MADAM: — 

Some-time  during-the  month  of  March  we-shall-be  repre- 
sented in  your  city  by-our  agents,  Misses  Hyde  and  Lane.  They- 
will  have-the  pleasure 'of  showing-you  a  full  line  of  samples  in 
extreme  novelties,  in  cotton,  woolen,  and  silk  dress  goods, 
hosiery,  neckwear,  gloves,  &c. ;  also  models  for  ladies'  and 
children's  dresses  and  wraps. 

Our  display  will-be  from  advance  samples  (of)  goods  yet  to 
arrive,  which  we  make  a  special  effort  (to)  order  early  from 
abroad  for-the  benefit  of-our  customers,  and  we  trust  that-you- 
will  encourage-us  by  reserving  your-orders  until  our  arrival. 

Thanking-you  for  your  patronage  in-the  past,  and  promising 
for-the  future  a  prompt  and  personal  attention  to-all  orders 
given,  we-remain, 

Yours-respectfully , 


If-you-will-take-the  trouble  to  learn  (to)  write  your  short- 
hand neatly  and-at-the-same-time  rapidly,  your  shorthand 
will-be  easy  (to)  read  and  you-will-be-sure  (to)  succeed. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


REPORTERS 

2.  abandon  -ment. 

2.  abandoned. 
\  3.  accountable  -ability. 

1.  achieve  -ment. 
1.  achieved. 


3.  addition.     1.  condition. 

4.  edition. 


2.  administrator. 
2.  administration. 
\j          2.  administrative. 

V\  2.  administratrix. 

2.  age,     advantage.     1. 
oblige,  privilege,  edge 
3.  judge,  large. 

1.  affection  -ate  -ly. 

2.  ambition. 

1.  angel.     3.  evangel. 


2.  anger-gry.     3.  hunger- 

gry. 


>'  V 

1> 

fORD-SIGNS. 

u- 

1. 

annihilate  -d. 

. 

~r 

1. 

annihilation. 

^ 

3. 

announce  -d  -ment. 

_ 

2. 

antagonize. 

^, 

2. 

antagonist  -ized. 

- 

3. 

anybody. 

» 

1. 

appoint    -ed    -ment. 
3.  punctual  -ly  -ality 

4. 

apprehend  -ed  -sion. 
1.  comprehend  -ed 
-sion. 

V 

2. 

approximate     -ly     -ed 
-tion. 

•i 

2. 

archangel.      1.  original. 

1 

/-' 

2. 

architect  -ure  -al. 

— 

3. 

argument  -ative. 

1 

2. 

assign  -ment. 

j 

2. 

assigned. 

L 

2. 

assignee. 

MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


REPORTERS'  WORD-SIGNS. 


2.  associate -d.     1.   ease -y. 
3.  us,  use. 

2.  association. 


2.  astronomy  -ical. 


2.  attain,   contain.   1.   con- 
tinue. 


2.  attained,  contained. 


1.  attend,   continued,   con- 
tent -ed  -ment. 


1.  attainment. 


3.  atonement. 

3.  audience.    1.  denomina- 
tions.    2.  providence. 

2.  author,  other.    1.  either. 
3.  another,    thorough. 


2.  authority. 

4.  authentic  -ity. 

4.  avail.     1.  evil.    2.  value. 

1.  avaricious. 

4.  aversion. 


^ 

3.  awful  -ly.  2.  follow  -ing. 

- 

2.  awkward. 

> 

2.  bachelor. 

v 

2.  baggage. 

\ 

2.  bank.   1.  combine  -ation. 

v. 

2.  bankrupt  -cy. 

\ 

2.  Baptist  -ized. 

V 

2.  Baptism. 

\ 

3.  beauty,  about, 
between.     2. 

1.  habit 
body. 

- 

1.  because. 

- 

1.  begin  -ning. 

— 

2.  began,  again,  organ. 

- 

3.  begun. 

v 

2.  behalf. 

s 

2.  behave. 

MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 
REPORTERS'  WORD-SIGNS. 


s 

2.  behavior. 

~A 

2.  capable. 

* 

1.  believe  -f. 

~! 

2.   Catholic  -ism. 

\ 

2.  belong  -ed. 

2.  body.   1.  habit,  between. 
3.  about,  beauty. 

—j 

2.  carnival.     1.  Christian 
-ity. 

2.  carpenter. 

^A 

3.  bookkeeper. 

' 

1.  chapter,  each. 

v- 

3.  bookkeeping. 

' 

2.  change,  which. 

•* 

3.  brethren. 

/ 

3.   charge,  much. 

\ 

3.  brother,  number.     1.  lib- 
erty.    2.  remember. 

^ 

2.  characters  -ize. 

» 

1.  building,  ability. 

— 

2.   characteristic 

v 

1.  buildings,  abilities. 

/       : 

1.  children. 

X 

1.  busy  -ness.       2.  objects. 

— 

1.  Christianity.  ^  2.  car- 
nival. 

—  s 

2.  cabinet, 

^ 

l._Christians.     2.  carnivals 
3.  occurrence. 

-r 

3.  calculate. 

e_ 

2.  circulate  -ed. 

-* 

3.  calculation. 

> 

2.  circulation. 

-^ 

2.  campaign. 

( 

1.  citizen.      2.  satisfy    -ed 
-actory. 

MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


93 


REPORTERS'  WORD-SIGNS. 


\ 

1.  combine  -ation.  2.  bank. 

-7 

1.  congregationalist. 

s 

2.   complaint  -ed,  plaintiff. 

P 

1.  consist,  system. 

s 

1.  complied  -etc  -ed. 
2.  applied. 

p 

1.  consisted. 

V 

3.  compelled. 

f> 

1.  consistent. 

^ 

1.  comprehend  -ed  -sion. 

f 

2.  constantly. 

•> 

1.  conceive. 

p 

3.  constitute. 

•s 

1.  conceived. 

J 

3.  constitution. 

V* 

1.   concern  -ing. 

f 

1.  constituent. 

QS> 

1.  concerned.     3.  surround. 

J 

1.  conscience. 

- 

3.  conclude  -d.    1.  equaled. 

J 

1.  conscientious  -ly. 

*-3 

3.  conclusion.  . 

<r- 

2.  consecrated.       1.  secret. 
3.  secured  -ity. 

J 

1.  condition.      3.  addition. 
4.     edition. 

"~D 

2.  consecration.        1  secre- 
tion.    3.  excursion. 

S 

1.  confident  -ial  -ly. 

^ 

1.  consequently.    3.  subse- 
quently. 

S 

1.  confidence. 

c 

1.   consequence  -tial. 

— 

1.  congregation  -al  -ism. 

1 

3.  construct  -ed,    sweeter. 
1.  strength. 

94 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


I 


3.  constructive. 


3.  construction. 


REPORTERS'  WORD-SIGNS. 

2.  co-operate. 
2.  co-operative. 


3.  consume.    1.  similar  -ity. 


3.  consumed. 


3.  consumption. 

2.  contain,    taken,    attain. 
1.  continue. 

2.  contains,  attains.  1.  con- 
tinuous. 


2.  contained,  attained. 


1.  content   -ed    -ment,    at- 
tend, continued. 

1.  continue.      2.  contain, 
taken,  attain. 

1.  continues  -ous.     2.  con- 
tains, attains. 


1.   continual  -ly. 


1.  contrive. 


1.  convert  -ed.       3.  virtue. 


1.  conversion.    4.   aversion. 


Is 

—  _r\ 
vj 

2.  co-operation. 


2.   correct. 


3.  corruption.    2.  creation. 

3.  corruptive.     2.  creative. 

3.  country,   common. 

1.  county,  company, 
kingdom.  2.  can,  came, 
come. 

3.  cover  -ed  -ing. 


1.  create,  creature.     2.  ac- 

cord -ing  -ly.     3.  oc- 
curred. 

2.  creation.    3.  corruption. 


2.   creative.     3.  corruptive. 


1.  creature,  create.     2.  ac- 

cord -ing  -ly.      3.  oc- 
curred. 

2.  cross-examine  -ation. 


2.  cross  question. 


3.  custom  -er  -ary. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


95 


REPORTERS'  WORD-SIGNS. 


-^ 

3.  customs  -ers. 

0—3 

/ 

2.  danger.     3.  larger. 

ir» 

/ 

2.   dangers  -ous. 

•\ 

3 

2.  darkens  -ness.        1.     di- 
rectness. 

L 

2.   defend  -ed  -ant.      1.   dif- 

I 

fer  -ent  -ly  -ence. 
3.  advance  -d  -ment. 

I 

' 

2.  delay.     1.  deliver  -y  -ed. 

J 

r 

2.   delayed. 

J 

f 

1  .   delight  -ed. 

4 

u 

1.  Democrat  -ic  -cy. 

I 

1.   denominate  -d  -tion. 

J 

2.  provident  -ial. 

l- 

1 

1.  denominations.     2.  pro- 

d 

vidence.     3.  audience. 

v^ 

I 

1  .  depend  -ed  -ent  -ence. 

> 

I 

1.  derive. 

k 

J 

2.  derision.      1.     direction. 
3.  duration. 

I 

1.   describe,    scripture. 

L 

3.  secure. 

1.  description,  secretion. 

2.  consecration. 

3.  excursion. 

1.  descriptive,  secretive. 


2.  develop  -ed  -ment. 

1.  envelop  -ed. 

1.  dignity  -fied  -tary. 

2.  dogmatic. 

1.   dilapidate  -d  -tion. 


1.  directness.     2.     darkens 
-ness. 

1.  direction.      2.  derision. 
3.   duration. 


1.  disappoint  -ed  -ment. 

1.  discharge. 

1.  discover  -ed  -y. 

1.   discriminate  -d  -tion. 

1.  disfranchise. 
1 .  dismember  -ment. 
1.  disobedient  -ce. 
1.  disqualify. 


98 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


REPORTERS'  WORD-SIGNS. 


J 

2.  generalization. 

c. 

J 

2.  generation. 

\ 

J 

1.  gentle  -ly  -men. 
3.  imagined,  agent. 

f 

J 

2.  gentleman. 

V 

t~ 

2.  geography  -ical  -ly. 

V 

/ 

2.  geology  -ical. 

\ 

4 

2.  gigantic. 

\ 

— 

2.  glory  -ied,      1.  ugly. 

^ 

« 

2.  glories  -ious. 

' 

-* 

2.  glorification. 

^ 

7 

2.  grand-child. 

1 

7 

2.  grand-children. 

L 

7 

2.  grand-jury. 

^ 

^ 

2.  grandeur. 

K 

^ 

2.  gratuitous  -ly. 

5 

1.  guilt -y. 

1.  habit,    between. 

2.  body.     3.  about, 
beauty. 

1.  habitual.     2.  bodily. 

2.  haphazard. 

2.  happily.     3.   publicly. 

2.  happiness,  happens. 

2.  happier.     1.  principle 
-al  -ly.     3.  appear. 

2.  hard-hearted. 


4.  haste.     1.  east,    estab- 
lish -ed  -ment.     2.  as- 
tonish -ed  -ment. 


jf.  hasten. 

4.  hat.     1.  it,     time. 

2.  what,    take.     3.  at, 
out,  took. 

1.  head-quarters. 


2.  heaven     -ly.     1.  even 
-ing. 


1.  history  -ic  -al. 


1.  hitherto. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


REPORTERS'  WORD-SIGNS. 


\ 


honor.     1.  manner    -ly. 
2.  owner. 


4.  honest. 
4.  honesty. 


hope,  happy,  party. 
1.  help.     3.  public. 


humor.     2.  Mr.,    re- 
mark -ed  -able. 


4.  human  -ity. 

3.  hunger     -gry.     2.  an- 
ger -gry. 

/  3.  imagine     -ary.     1.       re- 

ligion.    2.  general  -ly. 

'•}.  imagined,     agent. 

1.  gently    -tie    -men. 

2.  gentleman. 

t.  imbecile.     1.  embezzle. 


'2.  impose.     1.  impossible. 
2.  imposed. 
2.  imposter. 


3. 


inattention.      1.  inten- 
tion. 


1.  independent  -ly  -ence. 


1.  indifferent    -ly    -ence. 
2.  individual   -ly   -ity. 

1.  indignant  -ly  -nity. 

2.  individual    -ly    -ity. 

1.  indifferent  -ly  -ence. 


1.  influenced,     next. 
2.  commenced. 

1.  influential. 
1.  initial. 

1.  initiate  -d. 
1.  initiation. 

1.  inscribe -d.     3.  insecure. 
1.  inscription. 


3.  insecure.     1.  inscribe 
-d. 


3.  insecurity. 


1.  insignificant  -ly. 


1.  insignificance. 


3.  instruct  -ed  -or. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


REPORTERS'  \ 
2.  generalization. 

VORD-SIGNS. 

/ 

c. 

1.   guilt  -y. 

J 

J 

2.  generation. 

1.  gentle  -ly  -men. 
3.  imagined,  agent. 

\ 

1.  habit,    between. 
2.  body.     3.  about, 
beauty. 

1.  habitual.     2.  bodily. 

J 

2.  gentleman. 

V 

2.  haphazard. 

u 

2.  geography  -ical  -ly. 

V 

2.  happily.     3.  publicly. 

f 

2.  geology  -ical. 

\ 

2.  happiness,  happens. 

4 

2.  gigantic. 

\ 

2.  happier.     1.  principle 
-al  -ly.     3.  appear. 

— 

2.  glory  -ied,     1.  ugly. 

* 

2.  hard-hearted. 

C  0 

2.  glories  -ious. 

> 

4.  haste.     1.  east,    estab- 
lish -ed  -ment.     2.  as- 
tonish -ed  -ment. 

T3 

2.  glorification. 

u 

jf.  hasten. 

7 

2.  grand-child. 

1 

4.  hat.     1.  it,     time. 
2.  what,    take.     3.  at, 
out,  took. 

7 

2.  grand-children. 
2.  grand-jury. 

L 

1.  head-quarters. 

2.  heaven     -ly.     1.  even 
-ing. 

•< 

2.  grandeur. 

^ 

1.  history  -ic  -al. 

? 

2.  gratuitous  -ly. 

' 

1.  hitherto. 

MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


REPORTERS'  WORD-SIGNS. 


\ 


4.  honor.      1.  manner    -ly. 
2.  owner. 


4.  honest. 
4.  honesty. 


hope,  happy,  party. 
1.  help.     3.  public. 


humor.     2.  Mr.,    re- 
mark -ed  -able. 


.  human  -ity. 

.  hunger     -gry.     2.  an- 
ger -gry. 

/  3.  imagine    -ary.     1.       re- 

ligion.    2.  general  -ly. 

-"».  imagined,     agent. 

1.  gently    -tie    -men. 

2.  gentleman. 

i.  imbecile.     1.  embezzle. 


'2.  impose.     1.  impossible. 
2.  imposed. 

2.  imposter. 

3.  inattention.      1.  inten- 

tion. 

1.  independent  -ly  -ence. 


~t 

1.   indifferent    -ly    -ence. 
2.  individual   -ly   -ity. 

~1_ 

1.  indignant  -ly  -nity. 

1 

2.  individual    -ly    -ity. 
1.  indifferent  -ly  -ence. 

^ 

1.  influenced,     next. 
2.  commenced. 

-^ 

1.  influential. 

^ 

1.  initial. 

^ 

1.  initiate  -d. 

^ 

1.  initiation. 

— 

1.  inscribe  -d.     3.  insecure. 

H, 

1.  inscription. 

- 

3.  insecure.     1.  inscribe 
-d. 

d- 

3.  insecurity. 

— 

1.  insignificant  -ly. 

-*, 

1.  insignificance. 

I 

3.  instruct  -ed  -or. 

100 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


REPORTERS'  ' 
3.  instructive  -ly. 

X 

WORD-SIGNS. 

' 

3.  justification. 

I 

j 

3.  instruction. 

/ 

3.  juvenile. 

n. 

1.  intemperate  -ly  -ance. 

,  4^ 

3.  juxtaposition. 

-3 

1.  intention.     3.  inatten- 
tion. 

— 

1.  kindergarten. 

i 

1.  internal     -ly.     2.  etern- 
al -ly.     3.  external  -ly. 

- 

2.  kind-hearted. 

/ 

2.  Jehovah. 

f 

1.  legislature. 

/. 

3.  Jerusalem. 

f 

1.  legislation. 

/ 

3.  Judge,  large.      1.  oblige, 
privilege,    edge. 
2.  advantage,  age. 

X1 

1.  legislative. 

^ 

3.  judgment. 

n 

3    lengthy. 

tj 

3.  judiciary. 

\ 

1.  liberty.     2.  re    -mem 
ber.     3.  number, 
brother. 

L 

3.  juncture. 

^ 

3.  longest. 

1 

3.  jurisdiction. 

^ 

1.  lymphatic. 

3.  jurisprudence. 

/ 

1.  machine  -ry. 

* 

1.  jurymen. 

y 

1.  machines. 

*> 

2.  juryman. 

' 

1.  machinist. 

MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


REPORTERS'  WORD-SIGNS 

1.  misfortune. 


2.  magazine. 

1.  manner.      2.  owner.     4. 

"honor. 

2.  manufactory. 


2.  manufacture  -d  -ing. 

2.  mathematics  -cian  -ical- 

2.  maximum. 

3.  meanwhile. 

2.  mechanic  -al  -ly  -ism. 

2.  memoranda.    1.  mini- 

mum. 

3.  memorandum. 
1.  merchandise. 

1.  mercy  -ful.     2.  remarks. 
1.  Methodist -ism. 


1.  minimum.      2.  memo- 
randa.     3.   memoran- 
dum. 


1.  misdemeanor. 


r 


1.  mistake. 


2.  moderate  -ly. 


2.  moment  -ary  -turn. 

2.  nature  -d-  al  -ly.    1.  not. 
3.  under,  hundred. 

2.  naturalized. 


2.  naturalization. 

1.  neglect  -ed. 

2.  nevertheless. 
2.  northeast. 

2.  northeastern. 

2.  northwest. 
2.  northwestern. 

2.  northward. 

1.  notwithstanding. 


102 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


REPORTERS'  \ 

2.  object.     1.  being,    been. 
3.  to  be. 

VORD-SIGNS. 

\ 

^ 

2.  parliament  -ary  -arian. 

V 

2.  objective.                         > 

..  \ 

2.  party,  hope,  happy. 
1.  help.     3.  up,  public. 

\ 

2.  objection. 

\ 

2.  pathetic  -ally. 

- 

3.  occurred.    1.  create, 
creature.     2.  accord 
-ing  -ly. 

^ 

2.  peculiar  -ly  -ity. 

*-* 

3.  occurrence.         1.  Chris-  *» 
tian.     2.  carnivals.         * 

s^ 

2.  pecuniary  -ily. 

*$ 

2.  operation.         1.  perfec- 
tion.                               I  s 

.  \ 

1.  people,  comply.      2.  ap- 
ply.    3.  compel. 

-» 

2.  organ,  began,  again.         . 
1  .  begin  -ning.     3   be-/, 
gun. 

2.  organs  -ize.        1.  begins. 

s\ 
\ 

1.  perfect  -ed  -ly.       2.  per- 
form -ed  -ance. 

1.  perfection.          2.  opera- 
tion. 

— 

2.  organist  -ized. 

\ 

2.  perform  -ed  -ance. 
1  .  perfect  -ed  -ly. 

X" 

2.  organization. 

\ 

1.  perpendicular  -ly  -ity. 

/ 
^ 

1  .  original  -ly  -ity.    2.  arch- 
angel. 

\^ 

1.  perpetual  -ly  -ity. 

<  I 

2.  otherwise. 

\ 

1.  person,    principles. 
2.  appears. 

«^x 

2.  owner.       1  .  manner  -ly. 
4.  honor. 

\ 

1.  persons. 

- 

1.  owing,  on.      2.  and. 
3.  beyond. 

L 

2.  philanthropy  -ic  -ist> 

) 

1.  oyster,  yesterday. 

'vz, 

2.  phonograph  -y-er-ic 
1.  often. 

MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


103 


REPORTERS'  V 

1  .  physiology  -ical  -ist. 

fORD-SIGNS. 

y 

J 

2.  providence.      1.    denom- 
inations.    3.  audience. 

, 

2.  plaintiff,  complaint  -ed. 

J 

2.  provident  -ial. 

•b 

2.  plaintiffs,  complaints. 

\ 

3.  public,  up.     2.  party, 
hope,  happy.     1.  help. 

} 

2.  positive  -ly. 

v. 

3.  publication. 

\ 

2.  possible  -bly,  parties 
hopes.      1.  helps. 

^ 

3.  published. 

V, 

2.  postmaster. 

* 

3.  punctual  -ly  -ity.     Lap- 
point  -ed  -ment. 

.-  V 

2.  post-mortem. 

\ 

3.  purpose. 

\ 

2.  poverty.     1.  helpful.     K^ 

^  V 

1.  pyramid. 

<u 

1.  preliminary. 

a. 

2.  qualification. 

J 

1.  president  -ial. 

D 

1.  question  -ed,  quite. 
2.  quantity.     3.  quar- 
ter -ly. 

N_ 

1.  prescribe. 

/ 

2.  railroad. 

V 

1.  preservation. 

^ 

2.  railway. 

/ 

1.  privilege,  oblige,  edge, 
2.  advantage,    age, 
3.  large,  judge. 

/ 

1.  religion.     2.  general  -ly. 
3.  imagine  -ary. 

- 

2.  profit  -ed. 

J 

1.  religions.      2.  generals. 

•> 

1.  project-ed. 

1 

1.  religious,  privileges.      2. 
advantages,  ages. 

104 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


r 


r* 


REPORTERS'  WORD-SIGNS. 


1.  religionist.       2.  general- 
ized. 


1.  represent -ed.    3.  repub- 
lic. 


1.  representative. 


1.  representation. 


3.  republic. 

3.  Republican.    4.  E  u  r  o- 
pean. 

1 .  respect  -ed  -ful. 
1.  resurrection. 


2.  revelation. 

3.  revolution. 

3.  revolutionary. 
4..  revolutions  -ize. 

1.  reverend  -ence. 

2.  reward  -ed. 


2.  sacred,  consecrate  -d. 
1.  secret.     3.  secure, 
-ity. 


I 


L 


2.   sanguine.         1.  single  -y 
-ular  -ly  -ity. 

2.  satisfy  -ied  -actorily. 
1.  city,  citizen. 
3.  sweet. 

2.  satisfaction. 


2.  saviour.      1.   several  -ly. 


1.  scripture,     describe. 
3.  secure. 


1 .  scientific  -ally. 

1.  secret.  2.  sacred,  con  - 
secrate  -d.  3.  secured 
-ity. 

1.  secretive. 


1.  secretion.      2.  consecra- 
tion.    3.  excursion. 

3.  secured  -ity.       1.  secret. 
2.  sacred,  consecrated. 


1.  self-preservation. 
1.  self-sacrifice. 

1.  self-same. 

1.  several  -ly.      2.  saviour. 

2    shorthand. 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


105 


REPORTERS'  WORD-SIGNS. 


— 

1.  signify  -ed.  2.  signature. 

f 

3.  southwest. 

- 

1.  significantly. 

s 

3.  southwestern. 

°—  D 

1.  significance. 

f 

3.  southward. 

•-3 

1.  signification. 

* 

1.  speak,    speech,    special. 
2.  spoke. 

a  

2.  signature. 

V- 

1.  spiritualism. 

r~ 

1.  similar  -ly  -ity.     3.  con- 
sume. 

- 

1.  spiritualist. 

„ 

1.  simple  -ply  -ify.  3.  some-  j 
body. 

i-—»  \ 

2.  spoke.    1.  speak,  speech, 
special. 

0 

1.  simplification. 

* 

2.  spoken. 

- 

1.  single  -gly  -ular  -ly  -ity. 
2.  sanguine. 

^ 

1.  stenography  -er  -ic. 

u 

1.  situation.        2.   satisfac- 
tion. 

1 

1.  strength,      3.  construct, 
sweeter. 

^ 

3.  somebody.      1.  simple 
-ply  -ify. 

V- 

3.  subscribe  -d  -er. 

„ 

3.  sometime. 

a. 

3.  subsequent  -ly.      i.  con- 
sequent -ly. 

n 

3.  somewhat. 

« 

3.  superintend  -ent.    i.  ex- 
pect,   except.       2.  ac- 
cept. 

5 

3.  southeast.                       .. 
> 

<> 

3.  supernatural. 

* 

3.  southeastern. 

^ 

3.  superscribe  -d. 

io6 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


REPORTERS'  "V 

IS 

3.  surround  -ed  -ing. 

VORD-SIGNS. 

„ 

C 

1.  therein. 

X 

1.  surprise. 

'\ 

2.  thereon. 

* 

1.  suspension. 

'     ( 

1.  thither. 

1 

3.  sweeter,   construct  -ed. 
1.  strength. 

L 

2.  tranquil  -ly  -ity. 

p 

1.  system. 

.  U 

2.  transcribe  -d. 

L 

1.  systematic  -ally. 

u 

2.   transcription. 

o 

1.  sympathetic  -ally. 

I 

2.  transfer. 

^ 

2.  tabernacle. 

I 

2.  transport  -ed  -ing. 

,  L 

1.  technical  -ly  -ity. 

2.  transportation. 

u, 

1.  temptation.                      . 
P 

'3 

2.  transubstantiate    -tion. 

L 

^ 

1.  testament  -ary. 

n 

1.  tremendous  -ly. 

2.  testator. 

1 

1.  Trinity  -arian  -ism. 

*\ 

2.  testatrix. 

— 

1.  ugly.     2.  glory  -ied. 

L 

2.  text-book. 

^ 

3.  unexceptional. 

; 

2.  theology  -ical  -ly.         ^f 

1.  unexpected  -ly. 

N 


- 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


107 


REPORTERS'  \ 

I.  universal  -ly. 

WRD-SI 

V 

-<" 

V 

3.  uphold  -held.                ^x- 

V. 

* 

3.  upstairs. 

L 

V 

3.  upward. 

a. 

"> 

2.  value  -d.       1.  evil.        . 
3.  avail.                        £x 

'/ 

'*) 

1.  vegetable  -tate. 

"V^\_ 

^~\ 

1.  vegetarianism. 

~^~"^ 

1 

1.  vice-president. 

^ 

> 

1.  vineyard.                          » 

r     o     ^ 

3.  virtue.       1.  convert  -ed.  / 

.TV. 

' 

3.  virtues  -ous.  1.  converts. 

. 

yL 

>• 

2.  whereas. 

H 

c 

2.  withal. 

n- 

c 

1.  within. 

V 

1.  yesterday,   oyster. 

-v 

4.  human  soul. 

1.  Supreme  Being. 

2.  Jesus  Christ. 

2.  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

3.  Jewish  Church. 
1.  everlasting  life. 

1.  everlasting  love. 

2.  Roman  Catholic. 

1.  President's  message. 
1.  vegetable  kingdom. 
1.  spinal  column. 

1.  habeas  corpus. 

1.  in  the  discretion  of  the 

Court. 

2.  may  it  please  the  Court. 


2.  may    it    please    your 
Honor. 


io8 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


—  ,  — 

REPORTERS'  Ti 

1  .  if  it  please  the  Court. 

yORD-SIGNS. 

- 

i. 

is   md.      2.  ah   md.      3. 

was  md. 

^ 

1.  if  it  please  your  Honor. 

^ 

i. 

is  in,  his  own.    2.  ah  no. 
3.  was  in. 

^ 

1.  gentlemen  of  the  jury. 

- 

i. 

is  n,  is  in  it.     2.  ah  n. 
3.  was  n. 

V 

1.  internal  revenue. 
1.  joint     stock     company. 

c 

/-° 

i. 
i. 

as  well,  as  will.     3.  was 
well. 

as  well  as. 

^ 

1.  for  examination.     2.  for 
example. 

c 

i. 

as  they.     2.  as  though. 

> 

1.  of  ours.     3.  to  ours. 

c 

i. 

is  thr.    2.  ah  thr.    4  was 
thr. 

00 

1.  of  ourselves.     3.  to  our- 
selves. 

} 

i. 

every  nfs.     2.  have  nfs. 
3.  however  nfs. 

« 

1.  of  our  own.     3.  to  our 
own. 

\ 

3. 

Substantial  identity. 

V- 

2.  plaintiff's  machine. 

:~\ 

1. 

Commissioner     of     Pat- 
ents. 

k 

1.  defendant's  machine. 

A, 

1. 

United  States  patent 
office. 

^ 

1.  dwelling  house. 

J 

1. 

in  consideration,  in  the 
consideration. 

( 

2.  the  other. 
/ 

J 

2. 

in   construction,    in    the 
construction. 

\ 

<L? 
2.  as  per. 

~-*- 

4. 

human  character. 

* 

3.  just  as  long  as. 

^ 

4. 

human  mind. 

NOTE. — On  this  page  Md   stands  for  "made,"  Ah  for  "as  or  has,"  N  for  "not,"  Thr 
for  both  "there"  and  "other,"  Nfs  for  "one  of  us." 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


109 


REPORTERS'  WORD-SIGNS. 


1.  ito.  2.  it  c,  itd.  3.  it 
w.  4.  it  s. 

1.  ito  to  v.  2.  itcv.  3.  it 
w  v.  4.  it  s  v. 

1.  it  o  n.     2.  it  c  n,  it  d  n. 

3.  it  wn.     4.  it  s  n. 

1.  which  o.  2.  which  c, 
which  d.  3.  which  w. 

4.  which  s. 

1.  which  o  to  v.  2.  which 
c  v.  3.  which  w  v.  4. 
which  s  v. 

1.  which  on.  2.  which  en, 
which  d  n.  3.  which 
w  n.  4.  which  s  n. 

1.  such  o.  2.  such  c,  such 
d.  3.  such  w.  4.  such  s. 

1 .  such  o  to  v.     2.  such  c  v 

3.  such  w  v.  4.  such  s  v. 

1.  such  o  n.  2.  such  c  n, 
such  d  n.  3.  such  w  n. 

4.  such  s  n. 

1.  theyo.  2.  they  c,  they  d. 

3.  they  w.  4.  they  s. 

1.  they  o  n.  2.  they  c  n, 
theydn.  3.  theywn 

4.  they  s  n. 

1.  there  o.  2.  there  c,  there 
d.  3.  there  w.  4.  there  s. 

1.  thereon.  2.  there  c  n, 
there  d  n.  3.  there  w  n. 
4.  there  s  n. 

1.  which  wr  -u.  2.  what  wr 
-u.  3.  they  wr. 

1.  wewr-u.  2.  you  wr.  3. 
but  wr  -u. 


1.  why  wr  -u.     2.  where  wr 
-u.     3.  when  wr  -u. 


1.  in  this  ks.  2.  in  that  ks. 
3.  nth  other  ks. 

1.  in  any  ks.  2.  in  either 
ks.  3.  in  neither  ks. 

1.  nth  first  p.  2.  nth  second 
p.  3.  nth  next  p.  4. 
nth  last  p. 

1.  oth  one  h.  2.  on  either 
h.  3.  oth  other  h. 


3.  such  will. 


3.  such  will  have. 


3.  such  will  not. 


3.  such  are. 


3.  such  are  not. 


1.  such  a  one. 


1.  is  such.     2.  as  such,  has 
such.     3.  was  such. 


2.  as  such  are. 


3.  truth  of  it. 


1.  tell  of  it,  it  will  vd. 


NOTE  — On  this  page  O  stands  for  "ought,"  C  for  "could,"  D  for  "had,"  W  for 
"would,"  S  for  "should."  V  for  "have,"  N  for  "not,"  U  for  "you."  Wr  for  "were,"  K« 
"case."  Nth  for  "in  the,"  Oth  for  "on  the,"  P  for  "place,"  and  H  for  "hand." 


MODERN  PITMANIC  SHORTHAND. 


WHAT    EXPERTS    THINK    OF    MODERN    PITMANIC    SHORTHAND. 

From  Luther  W.  Mendenhall,  Official  Stenographer,  Court  of  Common 

Pleas,  No.  3,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

.  "An  examination  of  your  text-book,  'Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand,' 
leads  me  to  conclude  that  it  is  a  very  superior  system  to  many  of  those 
now  taught,  in  that  it  seems  to  'cut  across  lots'  and  gives  the  learner, 
at  an  early  stage  of  his  study,  a  knowledge  of  a  brief  reporting  style, 
instead  of  requiring  the  student  to  wearily  plod  through  a  so-called 
'corresponding  style,'  which  he  is  obliged  later  on  to  abandon  and  forget 
when  he  takes  up  the  briefer  style.  I  believe  that  your  system  embodies 
all  that  you  claim  for  it  in  your  twelve  reasons  why  it  is  the  best  Short- 
hand text-book  ever  published,  given  in  the  beginning  of  the  work." 


From  F.   Harlow  Burch,  Official  Court  Stenographer,   Oconee  Judicial 
Circuit   of   Georgia. 

"I  have  delayed  the  acknowledgment  of  the  receipt  of  'Modern 
Pitmanic  Shorthand'  until  I  had  time  to  make  a  thorough  examination 
of  the  work.  I  am  a  'Graham  Writer'  and  have  held  the  Official  Court 
Reporter's  position  in  the  Oconee  Judicial  Circuit  of  Georgia  for  the  past 
eight  years.  In  passing  upon  this  work  I  find  that  it  is  a  wonderful 
improvement  over  any  I  have  ever  seen.  I  am  especially  pleased  with 
your  plate  on  numbers.  Your  'X',  'Q'  and  'RM'  will  be  added  to  my 
own  practice  in  the  Graham  Shorthand,  as  it  will  aid  me  very  materially 
on  account  of  the  legibility  it  will  give  my  work.  I  have  two  daughters 
who  graduated  at  the  Southern  Shorthand  Business  University  of  Atlanta, 
under  the  Graham  system,  and  they  will  also  adopt  your  system  as  far 
as  possible.  I  also  have  a  son  who  contemplates  making  a  stenographer 
of  himself,  and  I  am  so  well  pleased  with  'Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand' 
that  I  will  adopt  it  for  his  use  and  will  cheerfully  recommend  it  to  others." 


From  Newton  S.  Wells,  Official  Stenographer  County  and  Surrogate's 
Courts,  Warsaw,  N.  Y. 

"Copy  of  'Modern  Pitmanic  Shorthand'  has  been  received.  From 
a  somewhat  careful  examination  of  the  work  it  seems  that  the  best  of 
many  systems  has  been  most  advantageously  and  systematically  com- 
bined, which  will  be  of  great  benefit,  not  only  to  students,  but  to  many 
who  have  had  years  of  experience.  Having  more  than  twenty  years 
ago  learned  the  practical  use  of  shorthand  from  books  alone,  I  can  ap- 
preciate more  fully  than  I  otherwise  might  the  assistance  that  students 
may  derive  by  the  use  of  your  work,  especially  if  they  are  compelled, 
or  desire,  to  learn  without  the  assistance  of  a  teacher." 


From  Col.  Henry  C.  Demming,  Official  Court  Stenographer  of  Fulton 

County  (Harrisburg),  Pa. 

"Permit  me  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  'Modern  Pitmanic  Short- 
hand.' I  think  the  work  an  admirable  production  and  deserving  a  large 
sale.  I  have  no  doubt  that  every  stenographer  of  years  of  practical 
experience  would  be  able  to  find  something  in  your  book  that,  in  his 
mind,  could  be  improved  upon;  but,  taking  the  book  as  a  whole  it  is 
nearer  perfection  than  any  production  on  shorthand  that  has  been  in 
my  possession  for  a  long  time." 

From  F.  F.  King,  Official  Court  Stenographer,  Fifteenth  Judicial  District 

of  Nebraska. 

"From  such  examination  as  I  have  been  able  to  make  I  find  very 
many  beautiful  forms,  combinations,  expedients,  and  short  cuts  which 

4023 


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